288 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



In studying this and other collections, I have examined a series of 

 40 skins, representing most of the races, and find that the conclusions 

 arrived at by Neumann ^^ are correct on the whole, but I differ from 

 him in considering dohertyi inseparable from minor. I suspect that 

 with more extensive series emini would prove to be likewise insep- 

 arable, but it so happens that the few birds of this race examined 

 have been whiter below than minor. I have seen no birds from south- 

 western Africa or Angola, and therefore can not judge the validity 

 of damareiisis Keichenow ^^ or of ansorgei Neumann.'^^ These two 

 forms and littoralis do not figure in Neumann's revision, as they were 

 described since 1907. 



In studying the geographical variations of this shrike it is impor- 

 tant to keep in mind the fact that young birds of all the races are 

 browner on the sides and flanks than the adults, which are less ful- 

 vous, more grayish. Young birds may be told by their lighter, 

 brownish (not blackish) bills and by the incompleteness of the black 

 stripes above the pale superciliaries. 



In the general region covered by the present report, three subspecies 

 occur : 



1. P. a. Uttoralis: The coastal area of eastern Africa from Dar es 

 Salaam to southern Kenya Colony, inland in the dry country to the 

 Tana River (1,200 feet). Previously this form was known only from 

 the coast, and the bird listed above is the first indication that lit- 

 toralis., like not a few other coastal forms, ranges inland along the 

 Tana River. This race has the underparts whiter than in minor and 

 emini and is smaller (wings 63-73 mm, as against 75-85 mm in the 

 latter two). In Tanganyika Territory this form extends inland to 

 Kilosa, but skips the Usambara and Kilimanjaro mountain masses. 



2. P. a. emini: Western, central, and southern Uganda north to 

 Meridi in the Bahr el Ghazal Province of the Sudan, east to the 

 Kavirondo district of western Kenya Colony, south to northwestern 

 Tanganyika Territory (Bukoba), Ruanda, Urundi, and to Beni in 

 the eastern Belgian Congo. Similar to littoralis., but with the under- 

 parts slightly tinged with ashy. 



3. P a. minor: North-central Tanganyika Territory from the 

 Usambara and Kilimanjaro region to Ukambani, Unyamwesi, 

 Unyamyembi, and Mwanza districts, north through the Ikoma dis- 

 trict to Kenya Colony (Ukamba, Kikuyu, and Sotik districts) north 

 to the Northern Guaso Nyiro River, intergrading with littoralis on 

 the east and with emini on the west. This foiin is more fulvous be- 

 low than emini., but the difference between them is not great. 



ssjourn. fiir Orn., 1907. p. 371. 



soQi-n. Monatsb., vol. 23, p. 120, 1915. 



61 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 28, p. 53, 1909. 



