368 BULLETIN 15 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



3 immature males, Indunumara Mountains, Kenya Colony, July 16-17, 1912. 

 1 adult female, Endoto Mountains, Kenya Colony, July 20, 1912. 

 1 adult female, 24 miles south of Malele, Kenya Colony, July 29, 1912. 

 1 adult male, Bowlder Hill, Thilia River, Kenya Colony, August 28, 1912. 



Inasmuch as A. orientalis and A. longuemarei haussaru7n occur to- 

 gether in the Lado district of the Uganda-Sudan border and at 

 Fatiko on the White Nile, they must be considered as distinct species. 



I have seen no material from southern Somaliland, and so can not 

 form a definite opinion as to the validity of neumanni Zedlitz.* This 

 form is said to be smaller and to have the underparts always pure 

 white, with no yellowish wash. Sclater ^ regards neumanni as a 

 synonym of orientalis, but it seems from Zedlitz's and van Someren's 

 notes to be a valid race. 



In the Dodoma district of Tanganyika Territory a large form with 

 a very long, stout bill, harhouri, is found. The typical race occurs 

 from the Upper White Nile and Shoa south through Uganda and the 

 greater part of Kenya Colony south to the Teita district and 

 Ukambani. 



In southern Somaliland and southern Gallaland, and adjacent parts 

 of northeastern Kenya Colony newnanni is found. The birds of the 

 Tana River and the Thika River seem to be intermediate between true 

 orientalis and neumanni . 



Gyldenstolpe ® writes that Lonnberg's specimens from Chanlers 

 Falls, Northern Guaso Nyiro, are neumianni, "which therefore ex- 

 tends from Somaliland and Southern Abyssinia to the Northern parts 

 of Kenya Colony." 



More abundant material may reveal that orientalis itself is a com- 

 posite of racial forms, but I have not enough birds to decide. The 

 fact remains that Shoan males are larger on the average than typical 

 orientalis from the Uganda-Sudan border, and from central and 

 southern Kenya Colony. This is shown by the measurements (adult 

 males only included) in table 71. 



All the specimens collected are in abraded plumage; the two fe- 

 males, collected southeast of Lake Rudolf on June 12, are in molt. 

 The immature birds have the underparts washed with light sulphur- 

 yellow, but not nearly so darkly or extensively as in corresponding 

 examples oi A. I. haussarum. 



In southern Somaliland and southeastern Ethiopia, the breeding 

 season is from April to June. Erlanger '' found nests with eggs in 

 April in Gurraland, and in June in Arussi-Gallaland. 



• Journ. fiir Orn., 1916, pp. 73, 75 : Afgoi. 

 ' Systema avium iEthiopieariim, pt. 2, 1930, p. 710. 

 »Koiigl. Bvenska Vet.-Akad. Haiidl., 1924, p. 106. 

 ' Jouru. fiir Orn., 1907, p. 54. 



