The Drift or Boulder Formation, 333 



there is a flow, the particles of ice moving on one another, it 

 must be the fact that uncounterpoised superincumbent pressure 

 from unequal accumulation would be a perfectly good cause of 

 movement, and thus the horizon tality of the valley would be no 

 diflSculty. In the eastern bay at the head of the lake, near the 

 mouth of the Otter River, parallel grooves were remarked run- 

 ning in the bearing 105°, which is the upward direction of the 

 valley of that stream ; and about a mile westward of the Blanche 

 in the same bay, in the bearing 130'=*) partaking of the direction 

 of the valley, bounded by the escarpment of the limestone 

 described as running back into the interior. The discrepancy 

 between these bearings and those lower down is considerable, but 

 being in the general direction of valleys joining the main one, the 

 grooves may be the result of tributary glaciers. It has already 

 been stated that accumulations of boulders, gravel and sand are 

 met with in several parts of the river lower down, occasionally so 

 obstructing its course as to produce rapids. Some of these may 

 owe their origin to the same causes which have produced the 

 gravel hill of Fort Temiscamang. It is scarcely necessary to 

 remark, that the present efiects of ice on the lake appear wholly 

 inadequate to account for even those parallel furrows least remov- 

 ed above its level, though it may sometimes produce results ana- 

 lagous, but less important and uniform. On the east side of the 

 lake, three boulders were remarked which had been moved by 

 the ice of the previous winter. One of them, measuring thirty- 

 two cubic feet, had been moved nine feet in the direction 90° ; 

 another, one hundred cubic feet, had been moved fourteen feet in 

 the direction 350° ; another, eighty cubic feet, had been moved 

 fourteen feet in the direction 35° ; each had left behind it a deep 

 broad furrow through the gravel of the beach down to the clay 

 beneath. In front of the first was accumulated a heap of gravel, 

 one foot high, with an area of nine square feet ; and in front of the 

 second was an accumulation of small boulders, weighing from 80 

 to 100 lbs. each. To move the second and third, the progress of 

 the ice must have been up the lake, and the first across it. Had 

 the gravel rested on a surface of rock instead of clay, parallel 

 scratches would have been the result in each case." * 



The fact that in valleys the glacial strise upon the rocks follow 

 the windings of the channel has also been confirmed by numerous 



* Sir W. E. Logan's Report of Progress of the Geological Survey of 

 Canada, 1846. 



