Tilt Lmcrencian Formation. 337 



Capelan of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, first foimd fossil in Canada 

 at Green's Creek, in tlie Township of Gloucester, near the City of 

 Ottawa, and taken to England by Sir W. E. Logan, who after- 

 wards discovered another species, the Lumpsucker [Cydopteris 

 iumpus,) in the same locality. Of the Mollusca mentioned in his 

 list, about twenty species have been found in the Lawreiician depo- 

 sit of Canada, some of which we shall figure in this article. The 

 identity of so many species with those of Britain, and even with 

 those of the elevated sea-beds of Sweden, still further from us, 

 appears to prove that England, Scotland, Ireland, together with 

 Canada, and much of Northern Europe, were under water at the 

 same time. 



The line between the drift and the Lawrencian formation does 

 not appear to us to be very distinctly marked. This latter deposit 

 contains boulders imbedded in it, and upon its surface are often to 

 be seen some of the laro-est blocks. At the villao-e of Renfrew, in 

 the county of Renfrew, we h^ve seen two species of fossil shells, 

 Saxic<iv<x rugosa and Tellina Greenland ica^ the latter in great 

 abundance in a stratified bed of gravel, above which there were 

 numerous very large boulders. In this place, we can see at one 

 glance both the transported rocks which characterise the drift, 

 and also the stratification and organic remains, considered to be 

 marks of the Lawrencian rocks. Above the fish bed at Green's 

 Creek, and in the same clay with these remains, there are boulders, 

 and in many other places the same phenomena may be observed. 

 We have never, however, discovered any fossils in the lower part 

 of the deposit, or what is especially termed the drift. If the ice- 

 berg theory be the true one, then the whole subject may perhaps 

 be explained by supposing that during the commencement of the 

 the glacial epoch the seas of America were but sparsely or not at 

 all inhabited, and that towards its close the bottom descended to 

 a depth so great that the gradually accumulating beds of clay and 

 sand could no longer be disturbed and commingled by the pass- 

 ing ice, while at the same time they would receive the boulders 

 dropped as the icebergs melted away. But as we have already 

 made this article too long, we shall for the present withhold any 

 further remarks upon the subject, only recommending such of our 

 readers as have not done so, to examine the drift for themselves, 

 and in good excavations they will find much to reward them for 

 their investigations. The principal facts may be thus summed up : 



B 



