SOIL PROTOZOA 335 



VII. Dinoflagellata are enclosed in a rigid lorica and possess 2 flagella, 

 one of which lies in a transverse groove and moves with an un- 

 dulating motion and the other lies in a longitudinal groove and is 

 trailed behind. Only one form, Glenodinium pulvisculus, has 

 been found in the soil by I. 

 The last 5 orders are among the Phytoflagellata, the typical mem- 

 bers of which possess chromatophores ; colorless species are also 

 found in all orders and it is these which are largely found in the 

 soil. 

 C. INFUSORIA {CI LI AT A). ^ The common soil ciliates are found in the 

 following groups: 



I. Holotricha, body uniformly covered with cilia; these are similar 

 or slightly lengthened about the mouth; no adoral spiral zone. 

 Various species of Holophrija were found in a number of soils by A, 



B, F, J, K. Urotricha farcla by N, U. agile by F; Enchelys is 

 common in the soil, having been found by A, C, E, C, J, K, Koch, 

 Cunningham and Lehnis. Spathidium spatula by C and K, 

 Lacrymaria sp. by I and N, Prorodon teres by A, F and K, P. 

 ovum by A, E, I and Koch, Choenia sp. by J, Coleps hirtus by 

 I and K, Mesodinium sp. by F, Amphileptus cygnus and A. gigas 

 by I, Lionotus fascicola by F and I, Loxophyllum flexilis and L. 

 rostratum by I, Dileptus by F, J and K, Nassula elegans by A, E 

 and I, Chilodon cucullulus by F and I, C. megalotrocha by F, C. 

 uncinatas by J and K and Trochilia palustris by A and J. 



Uronema marina was found in the soil by A, F, J and K. Glaucoma 

 scintillans, G. pyriformis by A, Colpidium colpoda by A, E and K 

 and others, this being one of the most common soil ciliates. C. 

 striatum was found by F and I. Colpoda cucullus and C. steinii, 

 two of the most common soil ciliates, were recorded by most in- 

 vestigators on soil protozoa. C. maupasii was found in the soil by 

 F and J. F also recorded the presence in the soil of C. campyla, 



C. flavicans, C. helia and C. sapi ophila. Various species of Para- 

 moecium have been found in the soil, although Sandon records 

 the complete absence of this group in English and foreign 

 soils. P. aurelia was found by I and N, P. bursaria by I, P. 

 caudatum by F, I and N, P. putrinum by A and I, P. trichium 

 by F, etc., Pleuronema chrysalis by A, F and I. Other species of 

 Pleuronema were found by E, J and K. Cyclidium glaucoma 

 was found by F, J and K, Balantiophorus elongatus by C, J and 

 others, B. minutus by A, C and J, Lembus pusillus by F. 



II. Heterotricha. Body uniformly covered with cilia, forming cirri 

 or stout cilia in spiral adoral zone; undulating membrane often 



89 Conn and Edmondson, in Ward and Whipple's "Fresh-water biology"; 

 Stokes, A. C. A preliminary contribution toward a history of the fresh water 

 infusoria of the United States. Jour. Trenton Nat. Hist. Soc, 1: 71-344. 1888; 

 Roux, J. Faune infusorienne des l'eaux stagnantes des environs de Geneve. 

 Geneve, 1901. 



