PLATE XI. 



Fig. 1. — View from Chlio-dong;, west of Na-jyu, on a small tributary of 

 the YÖDg-san-gang lookiug toward the open south. In the distance 

 on the left the snow-covered Uöl-chhyul-sau, (the ' Small Diamond 

 Momitain ') of Yöng-am should be seen, l)ut unfortunately it has 

 disappeared «from the plate during collotypy. It towers bej'ond 

 the Yöng-san-gang, and has an eastwest trend and a northern 

 precipice. The ground is full of the gravels of claystoue- porphyry, 

 greenish j)orpliyrite and their derivatives— a characteristic land- 

 featiu-e of Korea. We are now in the terrane of the Upper 

 Kyöng-saug formation. 

 Fig. 2. — Keum-söng-san (|^ M lÜ)» t^^e castle mountain of Na-jyu, as seen 

 westwards from the x^hxin, lying to the left of picture fig. 3 below. 

 The sharp ridge trends northsouth, and is ^Drobably built up of 

 felsophyre. The Koreans are in one senss a hermit nation, as 

 Griffith, the author of the ' Hermit Nation,' fitly calls them ; for, 

 at the time of any danger the harmless citizens quickly retire into 

 the recess in the heart of this mountain Avhich they call san-söng 

 or ' mountain castle.' Such a recess is a characteristic adjunct of 

 ahnost every Korean emnndi in the peninsula. 

 Fig. 3. — View from a low mountain of felsophyre, west of Na-jyu (|| j]]), 

 toward the eumndi of the same name in a granitic depression 

 (]■). 74). The fertile, rice-producing plain, the largest in south- 

 west Korea, is in full view toward the east, and beyond this 

 plain is seen a meridional ridge, the highest point of which is 

 Mu-teung-san (M ^ ilj) of Koang-jyu which we shall reach present- 

 ly (PL. XII. fig. 2. p. 74). The plain is a denudation-basin in 

 granitic rocks. The <inmnca of Na-jyu (p. 74) is a large one as 

 compared with other evmnah, being surrounded by a wall of massive 

 eranite solidlv cemented. 



