JOURNEYS THROUGH KOREA. 3 



lu 1899, the Avriter, after giving a summary of the progress of 



geological knowledge about Japau, said ^^ of the Japanese arc : 



' and at present, we can say positively that North and South Japan 

 dijffer iu that the prevailing direction of the Souilt is greatly influenced 

 by folding axes, while that of the Nortli is affected by meridional rupture- 

 lines.'' 



Tn 1902, when speaking of the meridional Korean system, I made 

 the following statement -^ : ' Five components of the T'ai-paik-san (of 

 the Korean system) are cliffs of tilted blocks sweeping along the coast 

 of the Sea of Japan, from which the right wing was successively 

 thrown down to the sea -bottom, as if it originated in disjunctive faults 

 as an after-effect of the piling and pressing up of Hondo (Japan) to\\'ard 

 the Pacific Ocean.' 



The disjunctive fault, an invention of a Kussiau geologist and 

 popularized by Prof. E. Suess '^^ is the result of ' Zerrung.' This 

 ' Zerrung' ^^ and the separation of the equatorial and meridional com- 

 ponents of mountain-arcs ars the kernels of the ' Geomorphologische 

 Studien aus Ostasien,' "'^ which is the concluding chapter of F.v. 

 Richthofen's monumental Avork, ' China ', and so the last work of that 

 great authority on modern geography. 



In passing, it is to be noted that Prof. Willis discarded all the 

 older view^s substituting the monoclinal flexure h3'pothesis for them "'. 

 It is a delicate matter to differentiate between dislocation and flexure. 



These happy and remarkable coincidences between the great 

 German authority and the writer on some points in tectonic problems 



1) Koto: 'The Scope of the Tulcanological Survey of Japan.' ruhUmtion of the Earth- 

 quake Investigation Committee in Foreign Languages, No. 3, Tokyo, 1900, p. üü. 



2) Ditto : ' Orographic Sketch ', p. 57. 



b) 'Das Antlitz der Erde'. Bd. Ill, Erste Hälfte. 



4) It is this term, Zerrung, which gave rise to a heated polemic taken part by Lorenz 

 and Friederichsen, the outcome of which was an exchange of bitter words between them. 

 Petrmanns Mitteil, Vol. 52, 190G, S. 281; Vol. 53, 1907, S. 93—96. 



5) Part IV and V, 1903. I received the papers from the author's hand but only during 

 the Vienna Congress in August, 1903. 



6) ' Research in China '. Publication No. 54 of the Carnegie Institute of Washington. 



