JOURNEYS THROUGH KOREA. 87 



marly complex of the Tai-kok-chhi ridge. This conglomerate 

 builds up the high pointed clifi' of Kick-sà-hong, of which there is 

 a good view ^^ from the pass. It seems to occur constantly 

 in the same horizon and marks the boundary of the 

 non- volcanic Nak-tong series (Lower Kyöng-sang for- 

 mation) and the volcanic Kyöng-sang formation. 



From the chyumak (" locality of inns") called Song-am (85 m) 

 eastwards, our road lay along a streamlet with a well to do 

 population living in small mud-houses in the erosion channel which 

 cuts through the red calcareous tuffite formation (the strike N. 20'^ 

 E., the dip 5° S.E.). The shallow valley is the centre of a district 

 where paper is manufactured from the midborry, Broiisonetla 

 ■papyrifci'ii Vent, mixed with root-slime. At tlie end of the valley 

 we reached the thriving chyu-rnak of Sin-hun'^ (10 rii) which is 

 equidistant from tlie six eumuah of the neighborhood which he 

 within a range of 20 km, and is the crossing point of the inter- 

 eimmäi roads. 



We then rode due north to Tun-nai-naru '^ at the bolder of 

 the Nak-tonçi-(jcm(i through a dreary, purplish hilly tract which 

 becomes marshy near the river. We were still in the " red 

 formation " ^^ consisting of horizontally bedded, gray and green 

 sandstones. The rocks are really a tuffite of aqueo-igneous, 

 clastic origin consisting, of the gravel of liornblende-porphyrite, 

 and splinters of quartz, hornblende, plagioclase and groundmass, 

 cemented together with calcareons and ferruginous matter. The 

 soil produced must be ferruginous and limy. 



After crossing the Nak-foufi-c/ang we proceeded eastwards 

 accross the inundation flat interspersed with l)rownish pools of 



1) PI. XVUI. «K. 2. 2) m ^ '^) ^ n\ ^ 4) n. XXXV. BC ml. 



