18 AP/r. 2.— B. KOTO : 



lier subjugation of Sil-la, the countiy then bo'inu; rtalled Mlmana^^. 

 This was the first permanent oeeuj^ation of land on tlie continent 

 ])y our island nation. 



From Kim-hai, we went round Tm-Ji(>-san'-\ It is a low, 

 isolated hill (PL I. ,////. 2). made up of a blackish quart/ -porphyry 

 in association with iine inamnUe "\ I did not ascertain whether 

 tlie rock occurs in a dyke oi* a flow. The latter is the more 

 probable. As the quartz- porphyry is accompanied by breccia, it 

 seems to have l^een erupted prior to tlie effusion of the por- 

 phyrite. A thorough understanding of the relation between the 

 quartz-porphyry and the porphyrite, tlie one acidic and the other 

 intermediately acidic, is quite essential in deciphering the geology 

 of the Kyoncj-sang formation. But my observations were unfor- 

 tunately too cursory to warrant a decisive opinion on this point. 



At about 10 km, we were ferried across a reedy marsh, Pa-darl ^\ 

 and passed over a low hill-neck, of a greatb' decomposed breccia 

 of quartz-porphyry, to a rivulet wluu'e our road joined tliat fi'oni 

 Kim-hai A light-colored and fine-banded felsitic tuff, weathering 

 into red earth, is exposed in the valley bottom, lying almost 

 horizontally though undulating in diverse ways. IMicroscopically 

 it consists of fine polarizing splinters of fel(ls])ar and amorphous 

 dust, which are so finely intermixed that further details cannot 

 be brought out liy microscopic analysis, ft also constitutes the 

 southerly extension (^f the elevation down to ih (j - cl il nßn '"^ o\\t\\e 

 south coast : while a greenish breccia makes up the high craggy 

 ridges on the iiortli side, orcrhjhKj tlie banded tufl" already in- 

 ferred to. The same breccia continues westwards as far as 

 Xàing-djyïm(j^\ iutej-stratified with massive sheets of hornblende- 



1) ffi in -i) EI Oê UJ A conical hill in ri. I, ./(;/. 2. :îi Soo p- '^1- 

 t) i? tS 0} Bl jil See footnote y. 17. r.) ;^ ^ ^ 



