140 ART. 2. — B. KOTO: 



2. Sam-mâi-yang-ak (H % ^ -H})' "^^^^^^ ^ large-lake, 30 li north. 



3. Su-söng-ak (7JC M -j5)* Castle-like witli a large lake, 32 11 



north. 



4. Su-ijöiuj-ak (7JC ^ Üj), with a crater-lake. 



t') Tai-chyöng^^ district (southwestern slope). 



1. Knl-san (^ jjj), with 99 caves, 25 ?i east of the eumnâî. 



2. Song-ak (|^ -g-), Avitli a steep-Avalled crater-lake, 15 li south. 



3. Ho-keun-san {^)%. ^^ [ij), with a crater 17 It in circumference 



and unfathomable * reaching underworld ', 50 li east on the 

 Cliyöng-eui boundary. 



The whole island is dominated by the central peak, Hal-la- 

 san, or Mt Auckland, 1950 m high, deeply forested especially on 

 the north side, and on its sweeping slope ride the above-men- 

 tioned, posthumous parasitic cones — not to mention others 

 which still remain undescribed. Besides, there may occur an- 

 cestral dwarf cones hidden under the giant, cropping out from 

 beneath the edge in the form of spurs as at the southwestern 

 and northeastern corners where the sea-bottom is compara- 

 tively shallow. 



The remarkable feature of this gigantic volcanic island is the 

 long crescent- shaped edge Chyang-uol-ak, or " Long Point Peak ", 

 which opens southwards with a perpendicular precipice of 330 m 

 overhanging the soutli coast with its back to the north. Herr 

 Genthe saw two grand lava streams on the steep side, and others 

 may be discovered on the opposite side. From the topography 

 I surmise that Hal-la-san represents only a part of the northern 

 crater-icall of a once gigantic cone which was disrupted and 



1) ^ 



