152 ART. ?. — B. KOTÔ: 



Tcd-pälk-san range runs throngli the former. The tilted So-pälk- 

 ■•^an, culminating in the Chlrl-san massive, with an east escarp- 

 ment lies at the boundary of the two provinces, forming at the 

 same time the water-parting of the two regions. The rocks of 

 Cliy'ôl-la-Do are diagonally overthrown and folded, while those of 

 Kyoncj-sang-Do ^\Q duhvu^Uj thrown down in the vertical and also 

 in the meridional direction. In the former the land gradually 

 lowers toward the northwest, /. e., toward the free port of Kun- 

 san ; and in tlie latter, the land also rises on the east, but slopes 

 imperceptibly westwards toward the Nak-tong-gang river. 

 raphT" The hydrography is naturally dependent on the relief of the 



land, and the rivers run either parallel to, or across, the topogra- 

 phic lineaments. There are four streams of some importance, viz., 

 the Nak-tong-gang, the Söm-jln-gang, the Yöng-san-gang, and the 

 Keum-gang. The drainage of the region is topographically adjusted 

 excepting the western affluents of the Nak-tong-gang. These western 

 tributaries flow down in clear torrents from the high, granitic 

 boundary range which was recently elevated into precipitous ridges. 

 I should not forget to mention the Han-san range of the 

 south coast, — a series of ridges running almost equatorially ^\ due 

 to parallel dislocations by which the ground was successively 

 thrown down southwards, thus limiting the southward extension 

 of the peninsula. The sudden turn of the Nak-tong-gang and 

 the Söm-jln-gang to tlie east is due solely to the damming up of 

 their courses by the above-mentioned Han-san range. The rivers 

 would naturally take the short and direct course to the south 

 coast were it not for tlie existence of this unique range. One 

 can scarcely fail to notice this peculiarity even on ordinary 



1) See Geotectonic niiip. This Journal, Vol. XIX, Art. 1. 



