JOUBNEYS THROUGH KOEEA. 35 



It perhaps owes its sudden change in direction to the uphft of an 

 equatorial ridge which ponded tlie water and thus deflected the 

 course of the river. Chin-J/ja is also tlie converging point of 

 communications from the sea on the south, from Ham-an ^^ on 

 the east, from the Nak-fong-cjang on the northeast along the lower 

 com'se of the Nam- gang, from Ha-dong'^ and Kon-ijang^^ on tlie 

 west, and lastly from Chyöl-Ia-Do and the Chi-ri-san '^ region on 

 the nortlnvest along one of its tributaries. It is therefore a 

 commercial centre and an important strategic point. 



From C/iii}-jgiir'\ we proceeded soutliwestwards along edges of Chin-jyu 

 hills after crossing a streamlet, the rock being all the way an 

 alternation of thick beds of gray marl and red mica-sandstone, 

 all dipping regularly eastwards at about 10 , and weathering into 

 red earth. This is the basal member of the Mesozoic in Kgong- 

 sang-Do. The general features of the land and the rocks reminded 

 me of the red sandstone of the ''lied Basin of Ssacfman^''^ in 

 China '-, if not of the same geological age. After about 6 km 

 we were at Phijöng-gö'^ in a flat full of an immense quantity of 

 gravel of hornblendc-metagnciss, and here wo crossed the rapids 

 of the Nam- gang which had discharged its load brought down 

 hither from the Haw gang ^^-Sanchlnjöng ^^ region at the north foot of 

 the Chiri-san^''^ mountains. After having crossed another arm of the 



1) j® S '-^) n m :^) m 1^ 4) ^ ^ m 



5) In continuation of the tour briefly sketched in the fcjotnc^te p. '28('2), Yabé went nj) the 

 Xfnn-gang from Chin-jiju in a northwesterly (lirection for '20 km through the following series, 

 counting upwards : 1) Sandstone and blacldsh marl, the former at times conglomeratic ; 2) red 

 t\ifE and green marl ; 3) yellowish fragile sandstone, red tutî and green marl, with general 

 easterly dips. At Tan-song the complex came to an end, l)eing replaced by the underlying 

 ortho-hornblende- g?iei,s's, corresponchng exactly to the rock at the Hoang-tai-chhi pass, to which I 

 shall have to refer in page 38, foütnotf(:i;. The same gneiss was seen farther on as far as San- 

 chhj'öng which I touched in my seei>nd traverse. 



6) saura JH-t 7) ^p.^ ») J^E§ ^) mn lOj ig^Oi The Chiri-san is a group-name. 



