JOÜBNEYS THROUGH KOREA. 37 



On the south of Oaii-sa the country is hilly, and at 4 km 

 distance there is, as we were told, the eumiiäi of Kun-ijang on the 

 sea coast. From Cliln-jiju hither, travellers w^ere few and all the 

 surroundings were quite country-like. The people appeared honest. 

 Having crossed three hills, all of them low, we fnially came to 

 Pong-gyöl where gray marly and red micaceous sandstones were 

 seen all dipping regularly towards the east, and low, denuded, 

 treeless red liills sloping in the same direction. 



At Pong-gi/öl, a streamlet comes from the west and empties 

 into the sea, loaded with hornblende-metagneiss wliicli bespeaks 

 the proximity of a gneiss terrane. Our road led westwards 

 through the same red sandstone along the rivulet, and at 4 km 

 we turned a little to the north at a narrow gorge where a fine 

 banded meta-biotite-gneiss ^' made its appearance underlying the 

 sandstone complex. My running journey did not allow time enough 

 to establish beyond doubt the existence of the sediment-gneiss 

 here, and we must leave the question to future researches. Here 

 was the boundary of the Kyöng-sang formation and the Archaean 



1) Apparently the metagneiss underlies conformably the sandstone-complex with the meri- 

 dional strike and easterly thp. The gneiss is the light-brown, fine-psammitic, parallel-planed 

 variety in which quartz, orthoclase, j)lagioclase and biotite form the predominant ingrechents 

 building the honey- comb or cyclopic aggregates, characteristic of sediment-gneiss. The rock is 

 variably broken, cemented and healed by rather coarse veinlets of dioritic material composed of 

 hornblende, plagioclase, oithocli\se and quartz, the last in the form of plate in which round 

 feldspars are enclosed in the poicüUic fashion. This may fitly be called antiperthUe. Whether the 

 veinlets were formed from the direct consolidation of injected material; or by breaking and 

 melting in the process of the so-called "stoping"; or thirdly, as advocated recently by some 

 geologists, by the crystallization of a concentrated residual water exuded from eutectic magma, 

 I cannot tell. At any rate the veinlets were formed under extraordinary circumstances. Mine- 

 ralogically speaking, the material must have been partly derived from the magma which cou- 

 Btitutes the orthogneiss of the Hoang-taichhi pass. 



The gneiss itself reseml»Ies to all ajipearances the Lower Takanuld gneiss of the Abukuma 

 Upland of Japan (This Journal, Vol. V. 1893, p. l'J7 et seq. Kotô : The Archaean Formation 

 of the Abiilaima Plateaxi). Like the Japanese equivalent, the Korean gneiss represents the 

 oldest sediment gneiss of the peninsula, pressed up and intruded by a great laccolith which, 

 according to my opinion, makes up the eye-gneiss and its allies of the Chirisan massive. 



