JOURNEYS THROUGH KOREA. 41 



porphyry before, and it was very remarkable also in another 

 respect, being white instead of reddish. Hereafter for the sake 

 of simplicity it will be called the Hadong eye-gneiss. 



How these remarkably large, lenticular eyes were formed is 

 difficult to explain. According to a modern view, the magma 

 seems to have been in such an eutectic condition that the ortho- 

 clase-molecule was predominant, its crystalHzing force powerful, 

 and mass-action great, while the pressure was relaxing at a 

 moderatel}^ rapid rate. 



The eumnäl of Ha-dong is situated at the foot of a hill of ha-dong 

 the eye-gneiss or a rather coarse porphyritic granite on the east 

 bank of the debouchure of the Söm-jlm-gang. All the ridges on the 

 south of the eumnäi trend north-east by east in the Han-san direc- 

 tion. The sea backs the river- water up to this point at the spring- 

 tides, and the place has served as a port of considerable import- 

 ance to Japanese junks, being the terminus of tlie shortest overland 

 road to the capital of the defunct kingdom of Päik-chyöl or 

 Kudara in Chy'ôl-la-Do (17 b. c. to 600 a. d.), through Nam-uön, 

 Cliyön-jyu, and tlie Keum-gang. This place was also the battle 

 ground during Taiku's Korean invasion ^\ 



The road led us along the precipitous bank of the river 

 upwards through the eye-gneiss terrane (PI. V. figs. 2 and 3). 

 The weather was shiveringly cold in this part of South Korea, 

 for we were in the heart of the Chirlsan massive, and the river chip.i-san 

 in the defile of the mountain was entirely frozen. When the 

 feeble sun shone upon us the central portion of the rapids 

 shifted the ice-mass, but it soon congealed again, and the resulting 



1) Hadong is noted for the production of edible sea- weed fousumed in large quantities by 

 the i^eople ; while Chin-jyu, for the large bulbose radtlish, Eaphaims satimis. 



