42 A.RT 2. — B. KOTO: 



surface reminded us of the moraine wall of the Alpine glaciers 

 (figs. 2 and 3). At 8 hit, Kaichhi '^ was I'cached near an affluent 

 along which a short way to Chln-Ji/u will probably be found 

 skirting the north foot of the Chin-jyu ridge. Another 8 hn in a 

 north-westerly direction over the same rock brought us to Hoa- 

 käi-jyang -\ The Chin-jyu ridge evidently extends all the way here, 

 as I have already indicated, exposing the fault scarps towards the 

 north. The dislocation was of the distributive or step-form, and 

 could not escape the eye of an observer on the opposite side of 

 Kai-chhi. The north end (Fl Y. fig. 1) of Pälk-iin-san'' (12U m) 

 should be the point of detachment from the Chlri-san by the 

 Chin-jyu ridge. The meridional and parallel ridges of Päik-un-san 

 with the pointed Ök-liil-hong (fig. 1) on the south side of the 

 river was thus disjoined from the main axis of the Chii-i-san 

 massive. We were in the core of the mountain at the defile of 

 the Söm-jin-gang. The geologically speaking equatorial, transverse 

 gorge from here to Ku-ry'ôl '^ and further on, seemed to be a 

 tectonic valley corresponding to the dropped side (PI. Y. fig. 3) 

 of the Chin-jyu fault. 



The Chin-jyu ridge surely lies at the north of Kal-clihi ; for 

 the east-west trend of the crests could be seen in the side-valley, 

 while in the north-east dale of Hoa-hai-j yang all the ridges ran 

 in the Chiri-scm direction (N. 20° E.). At Kaichhi, one delights 

 to look up at the romantic castle- shaped Ko-so-söng^"\ the isolated 

 flat-top of Pong-hoang-dai ^\ and the deep Söm-jin-gang ^\ all named 

 after classical Chinese, — sublime scenery often sung by Korean 

 poets. This disrupted rugged landscape was created by the hands 

 of Nature on the occasion of the displacement of the Hadong 



1) ^ «f 2) ;fE ^ *^ 3) â g Uj 4) 5l< üä 5) ** ^ ^ ti) 1ft M ^ 

 7) Here the river is called the lake of Tong-chyüng-Lo (iß] ^ j'^) 



