2Q0 ALT. 2 — B. KOÏÔ: 



difinieter at the base. These constitute all the remains of the 

 ancient city now to be seen. 



Incidentally i may mention that Kii'ômj-jijii is noted for 

 the manafactm-e of the liigh-priced spectacles worn by the 

 Koreans, not to remedy some defect in their visual organs 

 but simply to enhance their elegant appearance. The sole bene- 

 fit, in their opinion, to be derived from the use of spectacles is 

 the cooling effect'^ upon the eye. The material of which the 

 lenses are made is the rock crystal'' from the granitic Nam-san 

 (" South Mountain ") which is in full view from here at a dis- 

 tance of 5 hn, lying elevated where the road divides, one road 

 leading to Ön-i/ang, the other to Ulsan. Eougli lenses are chip- 

 ped from the crystal at right-angles to the longest axis. This 

 requires skill and necessitates much waste of material. The 

 use of a simple modern cutting machine would do away with 

 this difficulty. Tlie reason why tlie Korean spectacle -makers 

 prefer that special section I'ather than anotlier is not known. 

 They simply say that by cutting in that special direction defects 

 e. [/., clefts, foreign hiclosures, and the like, are minimized. 

 Optically speaking, the section at right-angles to the principal 

 axis of the uniaxial crystal is also the plane of equal elasticity, 

 while in other sections such is not the case. I shall leave this 

 question to the ophthalmologist. The poHshing of the chipped 

 lens is done on whetstones of progressive degrees of fineness. 



1) This is iieibapî due to the aftiou upon the eye of the ulti:i-violet rays whose injurious 

 ffects are at present much discuBsed by scientists. 



2) Nam-san, like Ko-siJng in Kang-Tiön-Do, has from early times baen noted for the oc- 

 cjirrence of rock-crystals. The crystals are solely used for the manufacture of spectacles. 

 Lately a Japanese at Fu-san discovered in this spot beautiful crystals of amethyst and als(j of 

 aventurine-cpiartz ; the latter are one and a half feet or more in length, and the largest and 

 the finest ones that I have ever seen. They were exhibited at the Uyeno Exhibition in 1906, 

 and are now deposited in the Mitsubishi Mixseum. 



