JOURNEYS THROUGH KOREA. 131 



below a bluff of the same rock overlaid by thick grayish sand- 

 stone. The sandstone becomes conglomeratic at its base, con- 

 taining gravel of granitic rocks, intercalated with gray marl, clear- 

 ly seen on the buttress- shaped lf«?z-/o/-scfn '\ The place is called 

 Noplieun-chijöng (55 m). Not far from here Mr. Inouye found a 

 fossil bed containing the flora described by Mr.YABE at the village 

 of Nah-tong "\ It is the " Nak-tong Series." From this hamlet 

 eastwards the country opens in a broad valley with low cliffs, ex- 

 posing a well- stratified Mesozoic complex of gray sandstone and 

 red marl with the strike N.N.E., and the dip 10' S.E. It is the 

 " red series " of tlie Upper Kyöng-sang formation (PI. XXXIV. 

 Profile FG [sdm and ml]). Turning left at Mai-gol ''\ we finally 

 arrived at the eumnäl of Ko-ryöng ^^ (35 m). 



The province of Kißng-sang-Do lies on the genial south side 

 of the So-paik-san range, and is the ultramontane region of the 

 north Koreans, who call the province Nij'6ng-nam ''^ or the " Moun- 

 tain-south." The Nak-tong-gang drains the whole province, and 

 approximately divides it into two halves. In early days the east 

 half was subject to tlie Sil -la kings *", while the west half was 

 subdivided iuto the six petty kingdoms of Ka-ya''^. 



The eumnäl of Ko-rg'öng was the chief town of The Great Ka-ya Ko-f.y; 

 which was finally absorbed by Sil-Ja. It is now a miserable 

 town or rather village lying on the east slope of Chyu-san ^\ the 

 " Vermilion Mountain," built up of " red marl " (the strike N. 30^ E., 

 the dip 20' S.E.). On the east front is the junction of two 

 streams, the northern confluent, Ka-chhyön, comes from the 

 northwest rising in the well-known Ka-ya-san''^ (1184 m) in a 



1) Ä <^ m 2) See fmfe,page 36. 3) 1^ M ^) M W 5) ^ 1^ 

 6) See ante, page 99. 7) m BIÎ B) ^Ui 9) \U 5R Ol See ante, p. 90. 



