204 



FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



RESULTS OF WORK. 



1. Publications of the Commission — Continued. 



13. Work accomplished in 1877 — Continued. Page. 



The European tencli *44 



Introduction by Mr. Hessel with the carp *44 



Special peculiarities and value *44 



The golden ide *44 



Introduction by Mr. Hessel *44 



The sea heiTiag . *44 



Importance as an. article of food *44 



Peculiarities of its egg.s *44 



Spawning habits of the fish *45 



Experiments at Noman's Land, by Yinal N". Ed- 

 wards *45 



Expeiiment in Germany by Dr. H. A. Meyer *45 



Special anangements required for artificial hatching. *45 

 Variations in specific gravity of eggs of different 

 fishes ; some lighter, others heavier 



than water *46 



Comparison of eggs of California salmon and trout . . . *46 



The European turbot and sole *46 



Great varictj- of food-fishes already in American 



waters *46 



Propriety of adding turbot and sole to the number .. *46 



Interest taken by Mr. .J. ( !. Kiddei', of Boston *46 



Employment of Mr. Mather to bring over a supply 



fi'om England *47 



Assistance tendered by English gentlemen *47 



Difficulties experienced in gel ting fish *47 



Assistance of Cunard Steamship Company *47 



Eisb brought over and place of deposit *47 



Acknowledgment to the Treasury Department *48 



II.— Appendix to Repout of Commissioner. 

 Appendix A. — The sea-fisheries. 



I. G. Brown Goode. A history of the menhaden. By G. 

 Brown Goode, curator of United 

 States National Museum ; with an 

 account of the agricultural uses of 

 fishes, by Prof. W. O. Atwater, pro- 

 fessor of chemistry, Weslyan Uni- 

 versity, Middletown, Oonn 



Section A. Introduction 1 



Section B. The names of the menhaden 6 



Section C. A description of the American species of Bre- 

 voortia, with anatomical and physio- 

 logical notes 19 



Section D. Geographical distribution, and the movements 



of the schools 35 



Section E. Abundance of the menhaden comparative and 



absolute 78 



Section F. Food of the menhaden ' 93 



Section G. Reproduction of menhaden 95 



Section H. The enemies and fatalities of the menhaden. 101 



Sention I. The menhaden fisheries 113 



Supersection. Economical value and applications of the 



menhaden 135 



Section K. The menhaden as a source of food 135 



Section L. The menhaden as a bait-fish 141 



Section M. The manufacture of oil and guano 161 



Section K. Menhaden and other fish, and their products, 

 as related to agi'iculture. By "W. 0. 

 Atwater. (See also Appendix 0.) . . 194 



