No. 2323. LARVAE OF THE CLE RI DAE— BO VING AND CHAMPLAIN. 579 



mandibular face or close to it ; in the hairy genus Trichodes there are 

 about seven setae. 



The Ventral Mouthparts are either protracted or, as in Trichodes 

 and Priocera, slightly retracted. The Cardines and the Submentum 

 form together a large, transversal, subeliptical posterior unit that 

 articulates with the stipites and mentum. The Cardo {ca) is large, 

 triangular, or trapezoidal with the longitudinal sides parallel. In 

 the genus Enoclerus most of cardo is heavily chitinized and only a 

 small anterior part is membranous, but in the majority of the genera 

 only a narrow band of chitin is found along the posterior margin. 

 The Stipes maxillae {st) has about the same size as cardo and is 

 chitinized in much the same way. The Palpus maxillae {pmx) has 

 three free joints carried by a broad, low, subannular palpiger maxillae 

 {pgrn) ; the latter is closely connected with the stipes, but usually 

 distinguishable as an independent structure by a flat chitinization 

 {pgc). In most of the genera the three free joints are of the same 

 length; in Monophylla and Pliyllobdenus the apical joint (///) is 

 twice as long as the second (//), and in Eydnocera the apical joint 

 is very small, about one-fifth the size of the second joint. The 

 Mala {la) is flat, setigerous, extending from the end of stipes; in 

 Enoclerus and other genera it is transversely bisected into an anterior 

 and a posterior section, the anterior being well chitinized, the pos- 

 terior membranous. The Area articularia maxillaris (or maxillary 

 sclerite or maxillary articulating lobe) is totally absent. The 

 Submentum {sm) is subquadrate or rectangular, laterally limited by 

 cardo, posteriorly by the front margin of gula, and anteriorly sepa- 

 rated from mentum by a suture; in some genera as Enoclerus the 

 posterior half is chitinized and the anterior membranous, but in 

 most genera the submentum is totally membranous ; it is often setif- 

 erous. The Mentum (m) is free or nearly so, subconical, of some- 

 what different size in the different genera ; usually setiferous ; in the 

 genus Enoclerus it has a basal chitinization. The Labium {li) con- 

 sists of stipes labii, palpus labii and ligula. Stipes labii {sli) is 

 somewhat smaller than mentum, often with palpiger labii {pig) 

 separately chitinized. The Palpus labii {pli) is two jointed; both 

 joints are well developed and of about equal size, except in Hydnocera^ 

 where the apical joint is four times as long as the basal joint. The 

 Ligula (lig)'^ is present but small. The Gula (gu) is much longer 

 than wide, on each side limited by a Gular Suture (gus). The gula 

 is as long as f rons, elongate, rectangular, often chitinized as a gular 



* The term ligula is used here according to the terminology of Schiodte and other 

 authors. Instead of ligula some authors, however, (as Alvah Peterson in his previously, 

 p. 576 quoted monograph) use the term glossa. 



