Art. I.] Clark, Drainage Alodifications. g 



fessor Tight's previous publication concerning this last men- 

 tioned feature of the Wakatomaka's lower course. 



Returning to the point where Wakatomaka creek crosses 

 the Licking county line, we will ascend the old valley to the 

 mouth of its principal tributary, Winding Paddy's Fork. At 

 this place it is evident, both from the position and the relative 

 sizes of the two valleys, that the tributary now occupies what 

 was originally the main valley, while the principal stream comes 

 into this valley through what was at one time only a tributary 

 valley. Trips up Winding Paddy's Fork and around its head- 

 waters both demonstrate that it heads normally in the high rock 

 divide. The regular fan-like phenomenon of its head ravines 

 gave rise to some speculation at first, but careful examination 

 indicates that the peculiarity had been wrought by local topog- 

 raphic features and has had no direct bearing on other parts of 

 the problem. From map study we had thought possibly this 

 phenomenon might be due to glacial constriction of a system 

 more widely distributed in former times. But an examination 

 in the field proved the fan to be rock-bound, except at the one 

 point where its waters make their exit into the above named 

 Fork. 



Going back now to the Wakatomaka and ascending that 

 stream, we soon find it entering a deep, rocky gorge. On one 

 trip, in descending into the gorge from the high divide on the 

 south, the barometer showed a drop of nearly 400 feet in 

 advancing no more than a quarter of a mile. The cutting is 

 so deep here as to have extended for two or three miles along 

 the stream, hence it is impossible to locate the exact position 

 of the eroded col. It may have been between any one of a 

 half dozen or more pairs of hill tops. But this inability to 

 locate it exactly does not vitiate the proof that a col once 

 existed somewhere along the course of this gorge ; for, besides 

 the evident newness of this section of the channel, as compared 

 with sections above and below, this is the farthest up-stream 

 section in which the water is found flowing on rock bottom. 

 Above the gorge the valley widens out until it finally opens, at 

 Bladensburg, into an old pre-glacial valley whose axis lies 



