Art. I.) Clark, Drainage Modifications. 3 



into the valley no stream larger than a wet weather run. Lack 

 of time forbade exploration of this old tributary and the deter- 

 mination of the area formerly drained by it was left as a problem 

 for the future. Later, when eroded cols had been located above 

 Walhonding on Owl and Mohican Creeks it was felt that the 

 mouth of the Walhonding was too far east to have been the 

 outlet for the middle basin of that stream in a normal system 

 of drainage. So after map study it was concluded that the most 

 probable outlet for this middle portion of the Walhonding (pos- 

 sibly including Kilbuck Creek also) was by way of an axis fol- 

 lowing West of South and emptying into the Old Newark River 

 as the tributary whose mouth had been already observed op- 

 posite Hanover. At the same time the possibility of this sect- 

 ion of the Walhonding having gone out to the West, passing 

 somewhere near Bladensburg, was noted and discussed. (In 

 this case it would have emptied into the Old Mt. Vernon River, 

 a pre-glacial stream located by Professor Tight in the course of 

 some work the result of which has not yet been published. Its 

 location may be noted on Plates II. and III.) 



Passing next to the Wakatomaka, it was thought that an 

 eroded col would probably be found somewhere near the point 

 where this creek crosses the line between Knox and Licking 

 Counties. In this case all the upper waters of this stream would 

 have gone originally West or Northwest into the Old Mt. 

 Vernon River, while its middle course would have been crossed 

 at some point by the preglacial stream emptying opposite Han- 

 over. And its lower waters would have entered the Old New- 

 ark Valley, as at present, near Frazeysburg. Reference to 

 Plate II. will make clear the fact that the Wakatomaka in that 

 portion of its course between Frazeysburg and Dresden is now 

 flowing up the valley of the Old Newark River. This reversal, 

 as has been pointed out by Professor Tight's work ^ , being due 

 to the glacial dam at Hanover. Hereafter the stream which 

 formerly occupied the old valley opening opposite Han- 

 over will be called the Old Hanover Creek. Whether that 



1 Tight, W. G., Bull. Sci. Lab. Den. Univ., S - :35-63, 1894. 



