i8o Btdleiin of Laboratories of Denison University. [Voi. xii 



of railroad were laid from the mill to the openings. Less than 

 30 cars of ore, including manganese and manganiferous iron-ore, 

 were shipped. 



Openings were made along the magnesian limestone ridge 

 for a distance of 6 miles northeast of Tunnel Hill. One shaft 

 was sunk to a depth of 210 ft. in the residual cherty clays with- 

 out striking the bed-rock, and a number of others were put 

 down to a depth of more than 100 ft. with the same result. A 

 150-ft. shaft is reported to have passed through manganiferous 

 iron-ore for most of its depth. 



The occurrence and character of the ore closely resemble 

 that of the Cartersville district. The ore is mostly composed 

 of botryoidal or kidney-shaped nodules, ranging from i to 12 

 and more in. in diameter, usually with a crystalline interior. 

 The best exposures of the ore were observed in the cuts near 

 the northern limits of the property. 



The openings nearest Tunnel Hill show brown hematite 

 and manganiferous iron-ore, much of which is of the breccia- 

 type. The brown iron-ore is in close relation with the manga- 

 nese, but is more abundant, occurring in the form of pockets 

 and lenticular layers as much as 20 ft. thick. The manganese 

 and iron occur in many places admixed as manganiferous iron 

 ore ; at other places they occur as separate and distinct ores in 

 the same deposit ; and at others still they occur as separate de- 

 posits without any admixture of each other. 



Origin of the Manganese- Otes in the Paleozoic Afea. 



The stratigraphic position of the ores has been shown to 

 be in the decay derived from and resting on three different for- 

 mations belonging to the Cambro-Silurian, namely, the Weisner 

 quartzite, Beaver limestone and Knox dolomite. The ores 

 occur with about equal frequency in the decay derived from 

 the three formations. 



The character and depth of the decay and mode of occur- 

 rence, including distribution, of the ores in the clay, have 

 already been described in some detail, and need not be re- 

 peated here. While faulting is a characteristic structural fea- 



