294 General Discussion of the Crosses 



the branches (or sometimes merely human figures, and these occasion- 

 ally of grotesque appearance) are found at Modena (Duomo, portal 

 dei Principi, by Wiligelmus).^ Parma (Baptistery, tympana and door- 

 jamb), ^ Trau (San Lorenzo, bas-relief on door),^ Sessa Aurunca 

 (Cathedral, ambo),^ and Monreale (Duomo, door-jamb and pillars 

 of cloister).^ It is also interesting to note that on the door of the 

 cathedral at Spalato, dating from the early years of the 13th century 

 (1214), there are vines with birds, animals, and human heads among 

 their branches, in the near neighborhood of interlacing or knotwork.^ 

 A vine of conventional pattern is found closely associated with 

 chequer- work on the font in the baptistery at Pisa/ Besides these 

 more interesting examples of vine-sculpture, more than forty other 

 vine-ornaments carved in Italy in the 12th century are pictured 

 by Venturi.^ 



Of the 13th century is the Peridexion, or tree of hfe, of S. Urbain 

 at Troyes and of Rheims Cathedral, with birds in its branches,^ and 

 the foliage-scrolls of S. Severin at Bordeaux. ^° 



Foliage-scrolls are found on various crosses in the British Isles 

 which need only be named here. Such are those at Bakewell, Eyam, 

 Ilkley, Sheffield, Bishop Auckland, Monasterboice, Kells, and 

 Clonmacnois ^^ ; then at Croft,^^ Abercorn,-^^ Aberlady,^* Closeburn,^^ 



1 Venturi 3. 155. 

 ■ 2 iii^_ 3. 296-7. 305. 



3 lUd. 3. 352. 



4 lUd. 3. 581. 



5 Ihid. 3. 621, 627 

 « Ihul. 3. 105-113. 



' Ihid. 3. 931 ; see also Ruskin, Works, Library Edition 23. 17, where 

 it is figured. 



8 Ihid. 3. 13, 72, 92, 101, 119, 122, 163, 187, 190, 193, 195, 225, 250, 283, 

 286, 287, 293, 295, 333, 288-9, 395, 539, 559, 561, 609, 667, 707, 718, 773, 

 817, 826, 893, 895, 898, 899, 912, 916, 919, 934, 935, 936, 937, 947, 950, 

 951, 952-3; 1. 49. 



9 Male, L'Art Religieux du XIIP Si(cle, p. 63 ; cf. Allen, Early Christ. 

 Symbolism, p. 388 ; Browne, Co7iv. of Heft., p. 192. 



10 VioUet-le-Duc 9. 335-6. 



11 AU mentioned by Allen, Mon. Hist. Brit. Church, pp. 158-9 (the last 

 three probably of the 12th century ; see p. 54, note 3). 



1- Ihid., p. 154 (plate opposite). 



13 Ihid., p. 158; Early Christ. Mon. of Scotland 3. 418; 1. Ixii. 



1* Early Christ. Mon. of Scotland 3. 428; 1. Ixii. 



1^ Ihid. 3. 436; 1. Ixii. 



(82) 



