342 Tlieo)y as to the Origin of the Crosses 



statues.^ Such a theory is rendered pJausible by a. consideration of 

 the number of Enghshmen who visited Chartres for longer or shorter 

 periods at about this time. Among Enghsh scholars and ecclesiastics 

 who in the 1 1th century had relations with Chartres must be reckoned 

 Anselm, the fellow-student and devoted friend of Ivo. Anselm, 

 when Archbishop of Canterbury, spent months at Chartres in 1103, 

 and again weeks in the summer of llOS,^ not to speak of an earher 

 visit in 1097.^ John of Salisbury, M'ho became Bishop of Chartres 

 in 1176, studied there as a young man from 1138—1140 or 1141. 

 As he was for a long time secretary to Thomas a Becket, was for 

 thirty years the central figure of English learning,* was the first 

 classicist of the Middle Ages,^ and was long influential in Enghsh 

 political affairs, it is easy to see how he would extend the knowledge 

 of Chartres in England. Countess Adela, being the sister of Henry I 

 and the mother of the future King Stephen, and herself a woman 

 of vigorous understanding and manifold activities, would naturally 

 attract English attention to Chartres in the early years of the 12th 

 century.^ Then we have the testimony of Ivo to the presence of a 

 colony of English students there in the year 1112. Writing in that 



Lincoln (see also the references to York, Lincoln, and Chichester in P. 

 518). At Barfreston, in Kent, Enlart (1^. 517) finds sculpture which reminds 

 him of St. Denis. For particular subjects of French figure-sculpture, see 

 pp. 46 ff. French influence on English architecture as early as the 10th 

 century is suspected by Rivoira and Enlart. Thus Rivoira (Lomb. Arch. 2. 

 158) says of the abbey church of Ramsey, founded in 969 and consecrated in 

 974 : ' Oswald himself was the architect of the building, the idea of which 

 he may have derived from the church of Germigny des Pres, situated only 

 a few miles from the convent of Fleury at Saint Benoit-sur-Loire, with 

 which Ramsey Abbey was closely connected for several centuries.' And 

 thus Enlart expresses himself (Michel P. 117) : ' Au IX'' siecle, la plupart 

 des monuments de la Grande-Bretagne furent detruits de fond en comble 

 par les incursions incessantes et devastatrices des Danois ; au siecle suivant, 

 sous la direction de moines a la fois artistes et hommes d'etat, tels que Dunstan 

 et Ethelwold, les ruines furent reparees ; et c'est a partir du X" siecle 

 jusqu'a la conquete normande de 1066 que se place vraisemblablement 

 I'erection des monuments appeles saxons, oeuvres d'un style roman tres 

 rude et tres original, qui ont precede en Angleterre 1' architecture normande.' 



^ See above, p. 80. 



2 Hist. Liu. de la France 10. 112-3 ; Diet. Nat. Biog. 2. 27. 



^ M. A. E. Green, Lives of the Princesses of England 1. 47. 



* Stubbs, quoted in Diet. Nat. Biog. 29. 444. 



5 Diet. Nat. Biog. 29. 439, 444 ; cf. Norden, Die Antike Kunstprosa, pp. 713-7. 



« Cf. pp. 129, 143. 

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