Cultural and Artistic Antecedents : Beauvais 343 



year ^ to Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, he asks him to communicate 

 any request for his (Ivo's) services through Robert's pupils who are 

 in residence at Chartres.^ Jordan Fantosme, who was present in 

 the North of England in 1173 and 1174, when William the Lion, 

 David's grandson, invaded it, and who afterwards wrote a poem ^ on 

 the war, studied at Chartres with Gilbert de la Porree some time 

 between 1124 and 1137.^ Afterwards we find him (1158) a cleric, 

 and probably chancellor, at Winchester, under the episcopate of 

 Adela's son Henry, where he had relations with John of Salisbury.^ 

 David I himself would surely have visited Chartres on the occasion 

 of his visit to Tiron, only a few miles away.^ 



3 THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF BEAUVAIS 



Jedburgh was founded in 1115 by monks from Beauvais. This 

 connects Jedburgh indirectly with Chartres, since we have seen 

 (p. 126) that the abbey at Beauvais was founded by Ivo of 

 Chartres,'^ the friend of Bernard of Tiron, and the correspondent 



1 Migne, Patr. Lat. 162. 279. 



2 Clerval, Les Ecoles de Chartres, p. 180. 



3 Chronique, Surtees Society, 1840 ; cf. Wright, Biographia Britannica 

 Literaria, Anglo-Norman Period, pp. 221-3, and p. 98, above. 



« Clerval, pp. 164, 186. 



5 Clerval, p. 186. 



" See p. 127, above. 



"^ Ivo suggests another possible influence— that of the Austin Canons, 

 though we can not estabUsh a direct relation between this order and notable 

 Northern architecture of so early a period. The Austin or Regular Canons 

 had existed for centuries under somewhat varying rules, when Ivo wrote 

 one of greater strictness, and thus gave a new impulse to the foundation 

 of houses of the order (Tuker and Malleson, Handbook to Christian and Eccle- 

 siastical Rome 3. 205). Nostell, from the priorate of which Adelulf went to 

 the bishopric of Carlisle (see p. 127), was founded before 1121, for in that 

 year Henry I confirmed its lands and privileges (Dugdale, Mon. Angl. 6. 

 89-90). Hexham (see p. 101), soon after 1114, became an Augustinian 

 priory (Raine, Priory of Hexham 1. cix ff., Ixvi ff.). Another early foundation 

 was that of Scone (about 1215), a prior of which became Bishop of St. Andrews 

 in 1124, or earlier. There were six houses of Austin Canons estabUshed in 

 Yorkshire between 1120 and 1125, of which Gisburgh (see p. 136) was one. 

 Lanercost Abbey (p. 98), only a few miles from Bewcastle, was founded as 

 late as 1169, while the priory of Carlisle is attributed to 1133. By 1250 they 

 had two hundred houses in England ; cf. pp. 119-120. The Austin Friars 

 were reputed to have been founded by Paul, the first hermit {Piers 

 Plowman B. 15. 284 ; Pierce the Ploughmans Crede 308-9. Cf. pp. 58-59. 



(131) 



