The Power which Enabled and Suggested the Production 321 



treatment of the conquered English, they had distinguished themselves 

 among the rest of David's host.^ 



The dominating fact of the period is the extensive assignment of lands 

 within the bounds of Scotland to men of Norman, Saxon, or Danish 

 extraction. Wherever these strangers settled they formed centres of 

 force, compelling acceptance of the new order in church and state by 

 the reluctant natives. ^ 



From all we know of Strathclyde and Galloway previous to the time 

 of the Saxonized and Normanized kings, extensive districts must have 

 consisted of waste land, which could be alienated without great injustice 

 being done to existing rights.^ 



In discussing such topographical investigations, it ought constantly 

 to be remarked that the great influx of Enghsh, who then spoke Saxon, 

 Anglo-Xormans, and Flemings under David I. and his two grandsons, 

 Malcolm and WilUam, who themselves spoke Saxon, must necessarily 

 have had the greatest effect in changing the names of places in Scot- 

 land ; as they mostly all received, from those sovereigns, grants of lands, 

 and generally gave new names to their Scottish estates. The several 

 maps of the shires of Scotland are the best evidence of the truth of this 

 reasoning.^ 



Conciliation may be described as the leading principle of David's 

 pohcy. ... He is said to have succeeded in establishing a more durable 

 state of concord amongst the heterogeneous population of his kingdom, 

 than existed at that period amongst people enjoying far higher advan- 

 tages.^ 



Of feudal and historical Scotland ; of the Scotland which counts Edin- 

 burgh amongst her fairest cities, and Glasgow, as well as Perth and 

 Aberdeen ; of the famihar Scotland of Bruce and of the Stewarts, David 

 was unquestionably the creator.® 



Southern Scotland was the creation of David. He embellished it 

 with the monasteries of his rehgious foundations ; he strengthened it 

 with the castles of his feudal baronage ; and here he estabUshed the 

 nucleus of feudal Scotland, and the foundation of that importance 

 which eventually transferred the preponderance in the kingdom to 



1 Brown 1. 80. 



2 Ihid. 1. 88. 



3 lUd. 1. 89. 



* Chalmers, Caledonia 5. 62. 



* Robertson 1. 229. 

 « Ibid. 1. 319-20. 



(109) 



