First Epistle of Peter. 411 



Conclusion. 

 The foregoing stud}^ has shown that Clement has used words 

 which are pecuhar to our Epistle in most significant connections, 

 as well as O. T. quotations common with our Epistle in unmistakably 

 Petrine contexts. Of course no one can, at the conclusion of a dis- 

 cussion of this nature, place his Q. E. D., but if Professor Sanday is 

 correct in saying " the occurence of the same ideas in the same order 

 must be accepted as conclusive evidence " (I. C. C. on Rom. p. Ixxvi), 

 we have shown that I Clement is dependent on I Peter. Monnier 

 contends that " Clement connait I'epitre. II ne la cite pas expresse- 

 ment : il I'utilise." (Com. p. 307.) Knopf reaches a similar con- 

 clusion : "In Rom. wird noch vor der Jahrhundertwende I. Petri 

 wahrscheinlich von I. Clem, benutzt." . . . (Das nachapostolische 

 Zeitalter p. 34.) 



Part IL— CANONICAL BOOKS 



GALATIANS 



B 



b— c 

 <1) I Pt. 1 ; 23—25 Gal. 4 ; 4—7, 28—31 



Professor Bacon (Com. on Gal. p. 8, 75, 93) notes a close parallel, 

 in the doctrine of the new birth from " spiritual seed," in the above 

 references. In his letter to the Romans (4 ; 19-21, 9 ; 7-9), Paul 

 " reckons the children of the promise for a seed," 9 ; 9. They become 

 sons through adoption, Gal. 4 ; 5, (Rom. 8 ; 15, 23, 9 ; 4, Eph. 1 ; 

 5). While the idea is the same in our Epistle, our author, in 

 accord \vith later writers (Jn. 1 ; 13, 3 ; 5, Jas. 1 ; 18, I Jn. 3 ; 9) 

 . used the figure as a " new birth " instead of an " adoption." There 

 seems to be evidence here not only of borrowing but also of a later 

 stratum of thought. 



(2) I Pt. 2 ; 16 Gal. 5 ; 13 



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suQ-spiav aXX" w^ Stou BoOXot d<; acpopixriv irfi crapxi, oOJm Bta 



The likeness here is striking. In both cases a reference to the 

 defeat of persecutors precedes. The freedmen are exhorted alike 

 TeaxNS. CoxNn. Acad., Vol. XVII. 28 January, 19l3. 



