First Epistle of Peter. 481 



the sins of his people on the cross of shame (^v£Y>t£v stci tw (^uXto), 

 but as the priest who took the sins, or sin-offering and laid the 

 sacrifice on the altar of the cross. Thus Alford appears to be 

 right in giving avacpspsiv here a double meaning ; but the two 

 meanings ' bear ' and ' carry ' both belong to the one Greek word, 

 and St. Peter has done his best to cure the ambiguity by ex- 

 panding Isaiah's a-j-o? into the highly emphatic auTO? sv tw aM[x<x-^ 

 a-jToO, which, reinforced as they are by the following [xojIojtci, 

 clearly mean. He Himself, by His own personal suffering, carried 

 the sins up ; in other words, the Priest was also the Victim." Bigg. 

 That Christ was both priest and victim is dwelt upon at length in 

 Hebrews, e. g. 9 ; 11, 12, 14, 24-28. This un-Pauline chapter of 

 Hebrews seems to form the basis of our author's allusion to the 

 " Suffering Servant." Not only the peculiar thought but also the 

 phraseology is very suggestive of hterary dependence. The phrase 

 avacpspsiv a^aap^iac appears only in these two places in all the 

 N. T. Note also the other possible points of contact in these 

 contexts, e. g. I Pt. 2 ; 23 = Heb. 12 ; 3, and I Pt. 2 ; 25 = 

 Heb. 13 ; 20. 



(3) I Pt. 2 ; 25 Heb. 13 ; 20 



~ot[JL£va xai irriT/vOT^ov tojv 'L'j/wv 7:oi[j.£va toTv 7:po(3a-(ov tov [xsyav 



!J[J.WV 



Professor E. J. Goodspeed (Epis. to the Heb. p. 122) calls atten- 

 tion to this striking parallel. It is indeed suggestive since the only 

 reference to the favorite Petrine " doctrine of the resurrection of 

 Jesus," in the whole Epistle, appears in this connection. " The great 

 shepherd of the sheep is a Messianic designation. Cf. also I Pt. 

 5 ; 4 (the arch-shepherd). Not simply the shepherd of the sheep, 

 of Isa. 63 ; 11 LXX, but the great shepherd." Goodspeed. Cf. 

 also Jn. 10 ; 11, 14, 21 ; 16, which were probably influenced by the 

 above passages. Paul never uses the metaphor xot^w except of 

 the Christian minister. Cf. Eph, 4 ; 11 (Acts 20 ; 28). Though it 

 is easy to draw the figure used here either from Paul or the O. T., 

 it seems more probable in this connection that I Peter was influenced 

 by Hebrews. Note I Pt. 2 ; 22 = Heb. 4 ; 15, 2 ; 23 = 12 ; 3, 2 ; 24 

 = 9 ; 28, 2 ; 25 = 13 ; 20. 



(4) I Pt. 3 ; 18 ' Heb. 9 ; 28 



u>av£v (sTra&sv) 7:ol}.wv avsvEyxsTv aij.ap-riac . . . 



