First Epistle of Peter. 523 



it is the " Lamb of God who bears the sin of the world." Our 

 author has used these two ideas together, if indeed they may be 

 said to be two ideas. " Redemption is through the spotless blood 

 of the Lamb." Dependence here seems probable. Cf. also John 

 Ex. 3. 



(3) I Pt. 1; 22a I Ju. 3; 3 



Tac 'h's/pa; iJ[j.wv -/^yvixoTsc xol ttoc? . . . ocyvi^st sauTov xaS-co? 



(4) I Pt. 1 ; 22 b I Jn. 5 ; 2 



£v 'zr^ 6-0X0^ 'zr\c, oCkr^'zict.c, Bta Iv ttouto) Ytvojcrxo[;.£v oti ayaTcw- 



nvsuji-aTOc £?? cpt>.aBs};Oiav avu- [xsv toc Tsxva -ou ©soH, OTrav tov 



zoxpiTOv, £X xaO>apac xapBtac ©sov aYa::w[X£v, xai tocc Iv-oXac 



aXlY)>.o'jc ayaTTYia-a-E extevco? auTou 7i;ouo[j.£v 



Parallels 3 and 4 should be considered together. Our Epistle 

 teaches that purification is effected by obedience to truth and that it 

 issues in brotherly love. I John sets forth obedience to the command- 

 ments as the final test of love (I Jn. 3—5). The mere suggestion 

 " £v -rfj 'j-oy.or\ -zr^c, oCkc\bzi%c, "oil Peter is treated more extensively 

 in I John. The author of the Fourth Gospel puts the teaching into 

 the mouth of Jesus himself. Cf. Jn. 14 ; 15. 21, 23, 15 ; 10, 12, 

 14, etc. The reference to " brotherly love " of I Pt. 1 ; 22b (2 ; 17, 

 3 ; 8, 4 ; 8) is extensively elaborated in I John. (Cf. 2 ; 9, 10, 3 ; 

 10-20, 4 ; 7-21, 5 ; 1-3.) Jesus himself teaches it in John 13 ; 

 34, 35. All this seems to indicate that the Johannine literature 

 presupposes our Epistle. 



(5) I Pt. 1 ; 23 I Jn. 3 ; 9 



avay£y£vvrjijiv&t oux Ix crTCopa? 6 y£y£vvYi[j.£voc Ix tou ©eou a[xap- 

 cpQ^apT^? uXkv. acpB-apTOu Tiav ou tuoieT ot!, cr7C£p[j.a auToS 



£V auTw [jiv£t, 



ZTUopac and G-7i£p[j.a are very significant parallels just in this 

 connection. Obviously the expression " born of God " means the same 

 as "born again", or .from above (avojO-ev). Apparently I John 

 elaborates the idea found in I Peter. (Cf. I Jn. 3 ; 9, 4 ; 7, 5 ; 1, 18.) 

 This doctrine is definitely taught by Jesus himself in John 3. Note 

 the sequence of thought in Exs. 3—5. It is also significant that there 

 are other probable points of contact with L Peter in this context. 

 Cf. Exs. 7 and 8. (For relationship of Jas. 1 ; 18 see note on John 

 Ex. 6.) 



Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XVII. 35 January, 1913. 



