First Epistle of Peter. 527 



There is nothing in Jn. 13 ; 3 to suggest " cleansing by the wash- 

 ing of water by the word," nor is there anj^thing in the context of 

 Ephesians which is suggestive of Jn. 15 ; 1 f. It is also to be noted 

 that Jn. 15 ; 3 seems to be somewhat unnatural in the parable ; 

 having been suggested apparently b}^ something already written. 

 Since I Pt. 1 ; 22a is the closest N. T. parallel, it is reasonable to 

 suppose John depends upon I Peter at this point. Cf. also Jn. 17 ; 

 17, 19 which is an essential part of the " great high-priestly prayer." 



(5) I Pt. 1 ; 22 b Jn. 13 ; 34 



£X y.ocp'hiccc, dXkrfkoDc dyrxTzr^acc^z hot. xai u[j,£Tc ayamTs axxYiXoL>(; 

 EXTSvwr . . . lav aydcTC'/jv s/yits sv <xX7J]koic, 



Though this is a common exhortation, dependence is made very 

 probable because of other probable points of contact in the immediate 

 context of I Peter (cf. 1 ; 19, 21, 22a and 23), also because the con- 

 text of John suggests I Peter (cf. 13 ; 31—32), even mentioning 

 Peter by name, v. 36. 



(6) I Pt. 1 ; 23 Jn. 1 ; 13 



avaY£Y£vv/][JL£voi oux Ix cTcopac oi o5x eS ai[j.(XTO)v, ouBe ex Q^sXyj- 



cpQ^apr^?, aWvOc a'^S>apTou, Bia [xcc-oc G-apxoc o'jBs Ix b^TdnKixTOc 



Xoyyo wWVTOC Osou xai [tAvo'/- avBpo; a}.}.' Ix QeoZ lY£vvr|d-v](7av 



Attention has been called in Ex. 1 to the idea of the " new birth," 

 but in the above parallel we are also told how it was brought about. 

 In both instances the negative aspect precedes the positive. Our 

 author says that "we are born not of corruptible seed," whereas 

 " John " puts it, " not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of 

 the wiU of man," which is clearly an expansion of the thought of 

 I Peter. " Virtually (jTropa and T^oyo? (of I Peter) are the same 

 thing seen in different lights. Aoyoc is of course not used in the 

 sense which it ultimately reaches in St. John." (Hort's First Epistle 

 of James," p. 93.) I Peter seems again to form a connection between 

 the " logos " idea of Paul and the complete expression of it in John. 

 The phrase of John, "born of God," or of the " will of God," as the 

 case may be, is suggestive of Jas. 1 ; 18, which indeed combines the 

 ideas of Jn. 1 ; 13 and I Pt. 1 ; 23. We have found reason elsewhere 

 to beUeve that this verse in James depends upon our Epistle. I Peter 

 understood the " new birth " to have been effected " by the word 

 of a living and abiding God. The Aoyo? is God Himself speaking, 

 speaking not once only but with renewed utterance, kindling life not 



