No. 2.] WILKINS — SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS. 83 



stage-road, is seen reposing upon the clay. In Bayham Town- 

 ship, Elgin County, about three miles north-east from Port Bur- 

 well, a large bed of bog iron ore is found on the property of the 

 late A. McLennan, Esq., of Port Rowan. North from Port Bur- 

 well to Tilsonburg, the brown clay is said to be met with near 

 Vienna, occupying the hollows. At lot 17, Con. I. Houghton 

 Township, on the farm of Mr. George Puller, were found, some 

 years ago, the remains of a mastodon, viz : two teeth, a femur 

 and some tai>al bones. They were discovered two feet from the 

 surface in a swamp. Near here, about a quarter of a mile west 

 of the Village of Clear Creek, the clay (3) escapes from under 

 the sand and constitutes the soil in the south part of Walsing- 

 ham Township. The line subdividing the clay from the sand 

 crosses the Town-line between Walsingham and Houghton 

 Townships about two and a quarter miles due north of Lake 

 Erie, or a little north of the Second Concession line in Walsing- 

 ham Township. The sand occupies a breadth of about two miles 

 along the second Concession line and advances in a tongue or 

 spit ending N. 70 Q W., diminishing to a quarter of a mile in 

 width at Concession B. and thinning out near Port Boyal, on 

 the west side of Big Creek. The sand is met with again on this 

 line about five-eighths of a mile west of the Walsingham plank- 

 road, and here has a breadth of a mile. Between these two 

 places and beyond the mile eastward just mentioned, it recedes to 

 the third Concession and disappears on the "Three-quarter 

 Town Line"' in their localities one a mile north of the other, 

 the latter being near the second Concession. The line crosses 

 the Charlotteville "Townline West" at the second Concession 

 of the latter township, and ending eastward, appears on the lake, 

 on a hillside on the south-west bank of Barnum's Creek, near 

 Turkey Point, Long Point Bay. On the" fourteenth Concession of 

 Walsingham Township, a mile east of the Plank Road, is a work- 

 able bed of stratified gravel, and near the fifth Concession on the 

 Plank Road is a lenticular bed of poor limonite twenty feet i n 

 thickness. It has been worked over an area of fifteen acres and 

 is employed for the manufacture of pigments. It may also be 

 mentioned that there are two dunes or hills of blown sand, con- 

 taining so much magnetite as to perturb the compasses of pass- 

 ing vessels if they approach too near the shore. They are three 

 hundred feet high, and occur half a mile south of the "Lake 

 Shore Road " in Houghton Towuship, about six miles east of 



