No. 3.] ANDERSON — NORTH-WESTERN AMERICA. 149 



couver and the adjacent Islands, is not found in any part of the 

 mainland of British Columbia.* The Oak (Q. Garry ana) is 

 common on the lower parts of the Columbia River somewhat re- 

 mote from the ocean ; ceasing abruptly at the Dalles of the Was- 

 copum, above which there are none]. Species of Acer, Betula, 

 Alnus and Salix are plentiful. Among the common shrubs are 

 Mahonia, Ceanothus, Nuttalia, Spirma, Rosa, Ribes, Vaccinium, 

 Salix, Gaultheria, &c. Among the most conspicuous flowering 

 plants in the early part of the season are several species of 

 Ranunculus, of Claytonia, of Potentilla, and Saxifraga ; 

 Plectritis congesta, Collonia gracilis, Collinsia violacea, Dode- 

 catheon Meadia, species of Fritillaria and Trillium, Camassia 

 esculenta (Scilla esculenta, of Douglas). &c. 



(b.) Along the lower Fraser : the several firs mentioned as 

 found on the north-west coast, with also Thuja gigantea [but 

 not Cicpressus thyoides, which is peculiar to the coast vicinity, 

 north of 49°, extending far into Alaska.] The circumference of 

 a Douglas fir measured by Dr. Lyall was nearly thirty feet at 

 five feet from the ground, and the length of a fallen tree mea- 

 sured, 250 feet, but neither an extraordinary specimen. [The 

 height frequently exceeds 300 feet.] Circumference of a 

 Thuja measured 26 feet 9 inches, at six feet from the ground ; 

 estimated height 250 feet [frequently exceeds this]. Inter- 

 spersed among the trees mentioned are specimens of Acer macro- 

 phyllum, Pursh \_Platanus acerifolia, of Douglas ?] sometimes 

 attaining a height estimated at 150 feet — circumference of one 

 measured twenty feet. Along with these the Vine-leaved Maple, 

 Acer circinatum, Pursh ; Dog-wood (Comus Nuttalii) ; Alnus 

 viridis, &c. ; Betula occidentalis, Hooker, and Populus balsami- 

 fera of large size. [To these I may add that the White Pine 

 (P. strobus), of magnificeut dimensions, is common towards 

 the summits of the southern portion of the Coast Range, and 

 is found also, but of smaller size and more rarely, in the moun- 

 tains of Vancouver Island. I have also noticed it in abun- 

 dance and of fine size on the Cascade Range, about the skirts of 

 Mount Rainier], The under-shrubs consist chiefly of the fol- 



* I noticed about a score of small trees in the portages above Yale 

 on the Fraser Kiver, as far back as 1847 ; but it is questionable if 

 any one of these now remains. 



