232 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. viii. 



during a period of submergence to the extent of about 1000 

 feet."* 



The manner in which Ice blocks and pan ice acts as a power- 

 ful transporting and denuding agent in tidal estuaries and deep 

 Bays is described with some detail in a paper on the " Ice 

 Phenomena of the Bay of Fundy. f 



Since my return from the Labrador I have had an opportu. 

 nity of reading the excellent articles on " Ice and Ice Work in 

 Newfoundland," by Mr. John Milne, F. G. S., published iu the 

 July, August, and September number of the Geological Maga- 

 zine for 1876. At the time when the July number of this Ma- 

 gazine was passing through the press, I had an opportunity of 

 seeing some hundreds of square miles of Floe Ice driven on the 

 Coast of Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, by a north-easterly 

 wind. Had this occurred in February or March when the tem- 

 perature falls during the night many degrees below the freezing 

 point, the "glueing" of large quantities of coast debris to the 

 ice fringe, and its subsequent conveyance out to sea on a change 

 of wind, in the manner so graphically described by Mr. Milne, 

 would have occurred simultaneously over a coast line not less 

 than fifty miles in length. 



5. — Glacial Stride and Glacial Clays. 

 Although the profound Fiords are doubtless the result of local 

 glaciers, some of which are said still to exist beyond Hebron, yet 

 a very careful search failed to reveal, except in one instance 

 only, any glacial strise, or indeed strise of any description. In 

 Tooktoosner Bay close to Hopedale, I saw in a secluded and 

 protected hollow, well marked, and deeply cut, grooves. They 

 occupied a shallow cup-shaped basin, but all surrounding surfaces 

 were smoothly polished, pan ice having removed every trace of 

 groove or strise. Glacial clays of considerable thickness are not 

 uncommon in sheltered valleys opening into the Fiords. They 

 were seen on English River, Lake Melville, also of precisely the 

 same description in Tooktoosner Bay. Twenty feet in thick- 

 ness of the clay was visible over the water of English River, but 



* Vide — A Paper « On supposed Glacial Drift in the Labrador Pen- 

 insula, &c.'' by the author. Quarterly Journal of the Geological 

 Bociety, London, 1864, page 124. 



f << Ice Phenomena in the Bay of Fundy," by the author — publish- 

 ed in the Canadian Monthly, September, 1875. 



