No. 8.] MATTHEW — GEOLOGY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 445 



and smaller one has a pervious bottom, and the soil is only a 

 heavy loam ; but in the other the Leda-clay coverino; is suffi- 

 ciently thick and fine to hold a small pond of water. This larsre 

 mound is, in its turn, connected by other sharp, oval mounds of 

 the "grave" type, with a long gravel ridge extending from the 

 river bank up against the shoulder of a granite hill on the south 

 side of the valley : this ridge consists of two parts imperfectly 

 divided, that part near the river approximating to the whale- 

 back form, and the portion next the hill being a weather-shoal, , 

 with the inner end turned down along the flank of the granite 

 hill. 



Taken as a whole, this series of knolls and ridges may be 

 regarded as a horse-back built up between currents of different 

 velocities — with this peculiarity, that while at the upper end of 

 the basin the western current was the stronger, at the lower 

 part the eastern current, having a freer outlet, by two gorges 

 through the hills, became accelerated, and drew a part of the 

 western current across the horse-back, cutting it into a number 

 of detached mounds. 



The course of this line of gravel knolls across the valley 

 shews that the ocean current which formed them, pursued its 

 southward path almost irrespective of the hills which separate 

 this basin from Passamaquoddy Bay : and as these eminences 

 are as much as 400 feet above the sea, it is clear that the cur- 

 rent itself must have covered them to the depth of several 

 hundred feet more ; and thus its surface would have been quite 

 700 feet higher than the present sea-level. 



Lake Eutopia. — This sheet of water, which discharges by 

 Maga'davic River, is separated from L'Etang River by a gravel 

 ridge only. The ridge is a compound one, consisting, in its 

 western part, of a weather shoal, resting against a slate ridge, 

 and in its eastern part of a whale-back or central shoal — the 

 two being separated by a shallow depression, due to a light cur- 

 rent, which drew across the ridge from the side on which the 

 lake lies. At this locality there are clear indications that the 

 force originating the Drift striae was quite independent of that 

 which threw up the Syrtensian ridges. The centre-shoal begins 

 back of Reardon's Corner, with a course S. 45° W., and termi- 

 nates with a point directed S. 55*^ W., while the connected 

 weather-shoal runs S. 50° W, against the slate ridge. In a 

 hollow south of the weather-shoal, on the road along the west 



