No. 8.] MATTHEW — GEOLOGY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 447 



that caused by Carleton Heights. In the hollows between the 

 swelling knolls of this series of ridges, Leda-clay was subse- 

 quently deposited, which, although in a few places abounding 

 with boulders and at exposed points sandy, is recognizable by the 

 red color of the mud it contains ; and of which in sheltered places 

 it is entirely composed. Ridges and points of pure olive grey 

 Syrtensian gravel project upward into the red deposit, and some- 

 times through it, where subsequent wave action has worn down 

 both set of beds to a uniform level, and covered them with a sea, 

 beach several feet thick, made up of the ruins of both deposits. 

 The size and continuity of this range of gravel knolls, now worked 

 down to a nearly uniform level, has served to protect a third 

 series still further north from the action of the sea. This last 

 row of knolls is connected with the ridge on which the raised 

 beach runs by a cross ridge at the Fredericton road, but elsewhere 

 is separated from it by a deep marshy hollow, which may have 

 been connected with South Bay before this third series of gravel 

 knolls was deposited. In this series there are ridges shewing 

 two courses, one S. 25*^ W. the other S. 50*^ W. ; the latter are 

 nearly enveloped by the former and are therefore the older. The 

 ridges of the middle row — that upon which the beach runs — also 

 incline greatly to the westward. With regard to either of these 

 courses it may be observed that here, as well as at other points 

 along the coast as far as Pennfield and Saint George, there is a 

 wide divergence between the direction of the gravel ridges and 

 of the glacial striae * 



Petersville. The gravel and clay cuttings along the line of the 

 E. & N. A. Railway in this parish expose clearly the relation 

 between the various parts of the Post-pliocene beds, and throw 

 much light upon the conditions under which the gravel ridges 

 were built up. 



There are two gaps in the range of hills which cross this 

 parish — the one, Douglas Valley, which is narrow and at its 

 highest point 200 feet above the sea : the other, Nerepis valley, 

 much broader throughout most of its length, and eroded at its 

 summit to within 300 feet of the same level. Douglas Valley 

 forks in its upper part, but the wider and deeper branch has no 

 opening to the North, being separated from the wide rolling plain 



* Compare with strias of Nos. 32. 33. 37. 38. 39 of Table in first 

 9,rticle on the subject. 



