46 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. i[^ol. vil. 



the respiration rapid and abdominal, the flanks contracted and 

 the extremities usually cold. In mild cases the appetite con- 

 tinued fair, but the soreness of the throat often occasioned diffii- 

 culty in swallowing. Debility was noticeable in a marked de- 

 gree. The bowels were usually costive, but in some cases unduly 

 relaxed. ^ 



As the disease progressed, debility increased, the appetite 

 failed, fits of shivering came on, and a depressed line could be 

 seen along the cartilages of the ribs ; the head protruded, the 

 nostrils were distended and the pulse quick and irregular ; in 

 fact, the symptoms of acute congestion of the lungs were pre- 

 sented in a marked manner. In these cases it was found best to 

 induce superficial circulation by increasing the clothing and 

 rubbing and bandaging the legs. A difi"usible stimulant was 

 also given by way of equalizing the circulation, and marked re- 

 lief was afforded by stimulating the sides of the chest with an 

 embrocation. If, however, the case were neglected, or improperly 

 treated, pleuro-pneumonia of a typhoid type resulted. The ani- 

 mal then stood with the head protruded, the ears drooping and 

 cold, the fore-legs used as props, the breathing quick and shorty 

 a depressed line from^the flank to the sternum, the cough muf- 

 fled, and the act of coughing painful. In many cases thoracic 

 eflfusion and aedema of the legs occurred to a considerable extent. 

 This was seen more particularly in old animals, especially in 

 secondary attacks. In some horses there were painful nodulous 

 swellings along the sides of the chest and belly, and often in the 

 groin and thigh ; the breath, moreover, had occasionally an in- 

 tolerable odour. 



Post-mortem Examinations. — Several rather hurried post- 

 mortem examinations were made, and showed that the respira- 

 tory organs were diseased in a marked degree. The mucous 

 membrane from the nostrils to the air-cells was thickened and 

 soft, and the sub-mucus tissue, particularly at the posterior 

 nares, thickly infiltrated. The epiglottis and laryngeal mem- 

 brane were also thick and soft ; and in one case the entire fauces 

 were black and gangrenous. The lungs were black and very 

 much congested, the right lung in one animal being completely 

 disorganized, and the chest about a quarter filled with discolored 

 unhealthy serum. The pleura was thickened and covered by 

 deposits of soft easily broken down lymph of a dirty whitish- 

 yellow colour, with no adhesions. 



