No. 2.] WHITEAVES — ON DEEP-SEA DREDGING. 91 



merous but unequal, spinose, undeveloped polyps. The average 

 number of polyp-bearing cells on each pinnule seems to be about 

 11, but varies from 9 to 16. The polyp-bearing cells are 

 entirely separate, and are margined with bundles of spines. The 

 8 mesenteries and somatic chambers, as well as the 8 tentacles of 

 •the polyps, can be well made out in the specimens collected. In 

 one specimen examined by Mr. G. T. Kennedy the basal portion 

 of the pinnules is filled with spheres of granular matter. The 

 spicules of the lower half of the stem are elliptical or oblong, arid 

 dicidedly constricted in the middle. The calcareous internal 

 axis is somewhat longer than the coenosarc itself, and is recurved 

 at the base. Large examples measure about 8 inches; but some 

 are only 6 inches long, or even less. These latter specimens have 

 as few as 21 pinnules on each side of the stem. 



My first impression, on examination of the Canadian Sea Pen, 

 ■was that it differed materially from any described species, and 

 that view was also taken by Prof. A^errill. But under the name 

 PennatuJa plwspliorea Kolliker includes so many varieties and 

 sub-varieties, and my specimens differ so much among themselves, 

 that they may possibly rank as forms of that protean species. 

 If P. acideata of Daniellssen be included among the synonyms 

 of P. plwspliorea, so I think must my P. Canadensis. But if, as 

 Prof. Verrill claims, P acideata is distinct from P. p>liospliorea, 

 then the Sea Pen of the St. Lawrence must be called Pennatida 

 aculeata, var. Canadensis. The species collected of the limited 

 genus Alcyonium are three in number. One is probably A. ruhi 

 forme, Ehr., another comes near A. carneum, Ag., and there is a 

 third species, found exclusively in very deep water, which has 

 yet to be determined. This last, however. Prof. A^'errill informs 

 me, is not Eunepthya glomerata, as he at one time supposed. 

 Besides these three there is another creeping Alcyonoid from 

 deep water, apparently belonging to a genus near to Cornularia. 

 Two species of Sea Anemone were dredged, attached to stones, 

 in from 100 to 200 fathoms. One is Urticina crassicornis, and 

 the other Urticina digitata of Muller. A creeping compound 

 anemone, closely allied to Zoanthus, taken on stones at a depth 

 of 212 fathoms, appear to be Epizoanthus Americanns. 



ECHINODERMATA. 



In the deep sea mud, at depths of from 100 to 250 fathoms, 

 the following species occurred more or less abundantly. 



