460 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST, [Vol. vii. 



into the Laurentian strata, although the lodes themselves 

 undoubtedly extend downwards to great distances. In their 

 greater depths, they would appear either to change in mineral 

 contents or become barren ; although this is another of the points 

 which requires further investigation. 



Perhaps the largest deposit of galena yet opened up is that 

 on the third lot of the sixth concession of Ramsay. It, however, 

 has not been worked for a number of years, and is now filled with 

 water and debris. This lode does not belong to the same belt or 

 group of fissures as those of Landsdowne, Loughboro' and Bedford, 

 but it is undoubtedly of the same age. It intersects first the Cal- 

 ciferous, next the Potsdam, and finally the Laurentian strata in 

 the same township ; but the ore gradually lessens and finally 

 disappears in the older rocks. The bearing of the lode is from 

 N. 45^^ W. to N. 50*^ W. and its underlie is, as it invariably is in 

 all the lodes and dykes of the same age. to the northward at a steep 

 angle. It has been shafted to a depth of eight fathoms, and 

 somewhat upwards of thirty tons of galena, averaging 80 p. c. of 

 lead, extracted and sold. This fact has already been mentioned in 

 one of the Reports of the Geological Survey, but I again allude to 

 it in connection with what has just been stated respecting the 

 diminishing of the ore in the downward course of the lode. 



The Ramsay lode is accompanied by a displacement of the 

 strata as is the case with those of Bedford and Louschboro' ; 

 which fact is particularly mentioned by Sir William Logan, in a 

 foot note to the Geological Report, for 1858, page 51, where after 

 referring to the galena deposits of Wisconsin and Missouri, he 

 says : '' The Ramsay ore on the contrary occurs in a true vein, 

 filling a crack connected with a dislocation, and on a late visit to 

 the mine, I had an opportunity of observing a clear evidence of 

 this in one of the walls of the lode (both of which are well defined) 

 in the parallel grooves occasioned by the grinding of the terminal 

 edges of the strata on the opposite sides of the crack when the 

 displacement happened." And further on again in this same 

 Report, in referring to the age of the Ramsay lode. Sir 

 William says: '' In addition to the Calciferous sandrock the lode 

 will intersect the Potsdam sandi^tone and the Laurentian areas 

 beneath, and in this respect resemble the Rossie lodes. Jjittle 

 hesitation can be felt in pronouncing it to be a lode of the same 

 age as these, and the interesting fact is now for the first time 

 shewn, that not only these lodes, but probably all the yet known 



