No. 1.] MATTHEW — GEOLOGY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 103 



with immense numbers of boulders, many of them of hirge size. 

 So numerous are these blocks on the upper waters of the Lepreau 

 and New rivers, that it is often possible to walk across them for 

 several furlongs without setting foot upon the ground. They 

 consist entirely of the red and tawny granite of these hills. In 

 the narrow transverse valleys among the hills there are also strips 

 of land paved with boulders and angular masses of granite. 

 These are frequently arranged horizontally along the sides of the 

 valleys or behind projecting spurs of the hills, and appear to have 

 been thurst into their present positions by glacial masses pressing 

 through the narrow openings in the hill-range. In departing 

 southward from the foot of these eminences, boulders of this rock 

 diminish in numbers, being gradually replaced by fragments of 

 slate, diorite, gneiss, etc. Great numbers are, however, still to be 

 seen along the beaches of the Bay of Fundy, ten to fifteeu miles 

 distant from the hills. 



There is one feature of the Boulder-clay in Southern New 

 Brunswick which seems worthy of especial notice, viz. its colour, 

 and here I include also the overlying Champlain clays which have 

 been derived from it.-'^ Over the district west of the Managua- 

 davic river, to which I have alluded in connection with the 

 table of stride, these clays arc of various shades of gray, from ash- 

 gray to a dark mouse colour. Similar gray tints are common to 

 the Champlain clays of Maine and the St. Lawrence valleys. 

 Around Passamaquoddy Bay they are often in strong contrast 

 wdth the bright red rocks which underlie them. But when they 

 are traced northward across the low granite hills of St. Patrick 

 to the parishes of Dumbarton and St. David's, the tint of the 

 clays gives evidence that they are derived chiefly from the rocks 

 of these districts. Two bands of argillites cross this part of 

 Charlotte county, of which the more southerly — of a dark grey 

 color — has given a similar tinge to the clays resting upon and 

 lying to the southward of it. So also the clay beds and slate 

 debris covering the more northerly band of (calcareous) argillites 

 .and sandstone are pale gray, buif weathering beds. No sooner, 

 however, does one pass from the country west of the Magagua- 

 davic river to the tract occupied by the granite hills in the 

 Eastern part of Charlotte county, then a marked change in the 



* In all the cases referred to here the colour of the clay is that 

 which it possesses when in a moist state. 



