No. 2.] DAWSON — POST-PLIOCENE. 171 



belief that extensive glaciers existed in Labrador in the Post-plio- 

 cene, of which, however, there seems little direct evidence. From 

 the descriptions of Prof. Hind,* however, it would seem that traces 

 of local glaciers in the river valleys, similar to those referred to 

 above in the case of the Saguenay and the Murray River, exist, 

 and these might now be restored by a slight increase of cold and a 

 moderate elevation of the land. 



On the island of Anticosti, Messrs. Hyatt, Verrill and Shaler 

 found Saxicava arctica in clay at an elevation of fifteen feet 

 above the level of the sea. 



Before proceeding up the St. Lawrence Valley into Canada 

 proper, I may cross to the south side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence 

 and notice the drift deposits of Prince Edward Island, Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick, and their connection with those of 

 the State of Maine. 



2. Prince Edward Island. 



The Triassic and Upper Carboniferous rocks of this island consist 

 almost entirely of red sandstones, and the country is low and un- 

 dulating;, its hi2:hest eminences not exceeding 400 feet. The 

 prevalent Post-pliocene deposit is a Boulder-clay, or in some places 

 boulder loam, composed of red sand and clay derived from the waste 

 of the red sandstones. This is filled with boulders of red sandstone 

 derived from the harder beds. They are more or less rounded, often 

 glaciated, with striae in the direction of their longer axis, and 

 sometimes polished in a remarkable manner, when the softness 

 and coarse character of the rock are considered. This polishing 

 must have been effected by rubbing with the sand and loam in 

 which they are embedded. These boulders are not usually 

 large, though some were seen as much as five feet in length. The 

 boulders in this deposit are almost universally of the native rock, 

 and must have been produced by the grinding of ice on the outcrops 

 of the harder beds. In the eastern and middle portion of the Island, 

 only these native rocks were seen in the clay, with the exception of 

 pebbles of quartzite which may have been derived from the Tri- 

 assic conglomerates. At Campbellton, in the western part of the 

 Island, I observed a bed of Boulder-clay filled with boulders of 

 metamorphic rocks similar to those of the mainland of New 

 Brunswick. 



* Trans. Gtol. Society, 1864. 



