182 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. ' [Vol. 



VI. 



It is probably to this more modern part of the Post-pliocene, 

 if not to a more recent period following the elevation of the land, 

 that the bones of the mastodon found in Cape Breton, and des- 

 cribed in " Acadian Geology," belong. 



For many additional facts relating to the Post-pliocene of New 

 Brunswick, I may refer to the valuable paper by Mr. Matthew, 

 already mentioned. 



4. Lower St. Lawrence — North Side. 



Descriptions of the Post-pliocene deposits of this region are 

 contained in several of my papers above cited, but I shall here 

 give a summary of these, with the corrections and additional fjicts 

 obtained within the past few years. 



Sagueiiay River. — I have already, in part first, referred to 

 the glacial striation of this region, and perhaps no better example 

 could be found of those lateral valleys along which ice seems to 

 have been poured into the St. Lawrence from the North. The 

 gorge of the Saguenay is a narrow and deep cut, running nearly 

 N.W. and S.E., or at right angles to the course of the St. Law- 

 rence, and of the Laurentian ridges. It extends inland more than 

 forty-five miles, and then divides into two branches, one of which 

 is occupied by the continuation of the river to Lake St. John, the 

 other by Ha-Ha Bay and a valley at its head. In the lower part 

 of its course, as far as Ha-Ha Bay, this gorge is from 50 to 140 

 fathoms deep, below the level of the tide in the St. Lawrence, and 

 in some places the cliffs on its banks rise abruptly to 1 500 feet 

 above the water level, so that its extreme depth is nearly 2400 

 feet, while its width varies from about a mile to a mile and a- 

 half. The striated surfaces and the roches moutonnees seen in 

 this gorge and on the hills on its sides, to a height of at least 300 

 feet, shew that in the glacial period a powerful stream of ice must 

 have flowed down this gorge into the St. Lawrence, thouijh whe- 



O CD / ~ 



ther it was occupied by a glacier or constituted a fiord leading 

 from one, like many in Greenland, or was a strait traversed by 

 bergs, does not appear. Possibly, with different levels of the 

 land, these conditions may have alternated. I cannot imagine 

 anything more like what the Saguenay may have been at this 

 time, than the view of Franz Joseph Fiord in East Greenland, 

 brought home by the second German expedition to that country, 

 in the present year,* and which, with other discoveries of that 



* Copied in the << Leisure Hour" for November, 1871. 



