Xo. 3.] DAWSON— POST-PLIOCENE. 247 



are more recent than those of Montreal, they are still of consider- 

 able antiquity. They must have been deposited in water perhaps 

 fifty fathoms deep, and the bottom must have been raised from 

 that depth to its present level.; and in the meantime the high 

 cliffs now fronting the coast must have been cut out of the rocks 

 of the Quebec group. 



The order of succession of beds, as seen in the banks of the 

 Little Tiiviere-du-Loup, may be stated as follows, in descending 

 order : 



1. Large Loose Boulders, mostly of Laurcntian rocks, seen in 



the tops of ridges of rock and gravel. One angular mass 

 of Quebec group conglomerate was observed ninety feet 

 in circumference and ten to fifteen feet hif^-h. Near it 

 was a rounded boulder of Anorthosite Felspar from the 

 Laurcntian, 13 feet long. 



2. Stratified sand and 2;ravel restinsr on the sides of the rid2;es of 



rock projecting through the drift. Thickness variable. 



3. 



Stratified sandy clay and sand with TeUlna Groenlandica and 

 Bwcclnum. 10 feet. 



4. Gray clay and stones. Rliijnconella psittacea, and Terehratu- 



lina Spitzhergensis, &c. 1 foot or more, 



5. Gray clay with large stones, often covered with Bryozoa and 



Acorn-shells. Tclllna caharea very abtmdant, also 

 Leda tnincafa. 3 feet. 



6. Tough, hard, reddish clay, with stones and boulders, passing 

 downward into Boulder-clay, and holding Leda tnincafa. 

 6 feet or more. 



It was ob.seryablc that the boulders were more abundant on 

 the south side of the ridges than on the north ; and between 

 Riviere-du-Loup and Quebec there are numerous small ridges 

 and projecting masses of rock rising above the clays, which gen- 

 erally show the action of ice on their N. E. sides; while the 

 large boulders lying on the fields are seen to have their longer 

 axesN. E. and S. W. 



At the Petite Ilivicre-du-Loup the surface of the red clay (No. 

 6 above) was- observed to have burrows of J/ya arenaria, with the 

 shells (of a deep-water form) still within them. 



