202 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [June 



be observed that the clay-state is superimposed on the quartzite 

 as a distinct group, and not interstratified with it. 



" The line on which this section is made extends from the 

 Atlantic, at the south-east entrance of Halifax Harbor, to the 

 Renfrew Gold-Fields, a distance of a little over thirty miles, 

 intersecting the anticlinals mentioned. These anticlinals run nearly 

 parallel with each other from the extreme western coast of the 

 province to the sea-shore between Cape Canso and Liscomb Harbor. 

 This gives them a curve, from the strike altering from east and 

 west to south 60° east, and to the westward of Halifax, to the 

 south-westward. They do not lie at equal distances apart, owing 

 no doubt to the strata being folded up irregularly with different 

 angles of dip." 



That Nova Scotia has been subjected to glacial action, and 

 that during the period of that action the summits of these 

 anticlinals were denuded and swept away, is plainly apparent. 

 Where the rock is exposed, whether by the removal of the boulder- 

 clay or otherwise, it will almost invariably be found to have a 

 smooth polished surface, and to be marked with furrows, scratches, 

 and striae, all of which must have been formed by the passage of 

 heavy and hard substances over it. These scratches indicate the 

 direction in which the moving masses passed over, and they are 

 found to have a south-eastern direction over the whole province, 

 modified of course by local circumstances. 



The fact that this denudation has taken place, and the non- 

 discovery of rich alluvial washings, have led to the belief that the 

 major portion of the drift has been carried away and deposited in 

 the Atlantic Ocean, forming the submarine banks which skirt the 

 southern shore of the Province. This belief is further strength- 

 ened by the fact that gold is largely disseminated through the 

 sands of Sable Island ; this being the only point of those banks 

 raised above the sea, and at the same time lying in the general 

 direction of the drift. 



Mr. Campbell does not suppose that the abrading force was 

 sufficient to expose the whole of the quartz-veins on the strata, 

 but that many exist which have a capping on the summits of the 

 anticlinals. "Where the veins are exposed in these abraded surfaces, 

 they are found to dip to the north or south, as they lie to the north 

 or south of the anticlinals. Thus, at Waverley, which is situated 

 on the fourth anticlinal axis, the veins which have been opened are 

 found all to dip to the north, proving them to be on the north side 



