444 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Dec. 



about Saco and Scarboro we find Leda tenuisulcata intermingled 

 with the Arctic L. permula, as it is not at present on the coast, 

 and Pandora trilineata replaces the Arctic Pandorina arenosa. 

 At Berwick, Astarte castanea, a boreal form, is introduced ; while 

 south of this, at Point Shirley, Desor and Stimpson found Nassa 

 trivittata, Buccinum plicosum, Astarte castanea and Venus merce- 

 naria, species which now, as an assemblage, abound most on the 

 shores of New England south of Cape Cod, and in New York bay. 

 Again, at Nantucket, Desor found a still warmer fauna occupy- 

 ing, apparently, an extension of this second horizon. Area 

 transversa, Crepidida fornicata, with Buccinum plicosum and 

 Nassa obsoleta were found to abound in this locality, where the 

 warming influence of the Gulf Stream was strongly felt, while the 

 waters of Maine were cooled down by the Arctic or Polar current. 



In the beds of this horizon at Gardiner, occur the teeth of the 

 bison, walrus, and bones of other animals, and the Mallotus 

 villosus ; also in the same beds at Bangor the fossil whale, and 

 in Burlington, Vt., in the Champlain clays, which evidently 

 belong to this horizon, the Beluga Vermontana of Thompson, 



Thus the two glacial faunae that have successively gained a 

 foothold in northeastern temperate America, seemed, as regards 

 both their land and marine animals, and also plants (for Poten- 

 tilla tridentata which is found only in Maine, Labrador and Green- 

 land, is also found fossil in the Ottawa clays, according to Dr. 

 Dawson,) to be a purely Arctic American assemblage.* Accord- 

 ing to the view of Dr. Hooker,f the most ancient glacial flora 

 was derived from Scandinavia. On the contrary, as far as geo- 

 logical evidence at present tends, the cave mammals of Europe 

 were associated with the musk ox, reindeer, white bear, and 

 other Arctic animals which abound in Arctic America, while no 

 features in the Post-tertiary fossils of America seem to be Euro- 

 pean. These faunal distinctions would seem to be even more 

 strongly marked than now in the distribution of the Vertebrata 

 during the closing part of the Glacial epoch. — From Silliman's 

 Journal. 



* [Scarcely " arctic." See Dr. Dawson's paper in Jour, Geol. Soc, 

 London, Dec., 1865. Eds.] 



f Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxiii, part 2. 



