450 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Dec. 



latter certain lines and patches of a lighter color not unfrequently 

 present themselves, which may be likened to such as are some- 

 times left by mosses or lichens on objects on which they have 

 grown. 



A large number of the bones, including jaws, teeth, and horns, 

 are scored with teeth-marks, clearly the work of animals of differ- 

 ent kinds. Some of the long bones are split longitudinally. Many 

 appear to have been rolled, including most of those which have 

 been gnawed ; and in the case of the latter it is tolerably obvious 

 that the rolling was subsequent to the gnawing. Some of those 

 found beneath the large masses of fallen limestone are in a crushed 

 condition, and thus apparently attest the fact that the deposit in 

 which they lay, and on which the blocks fell, was of a compact 

 nature and capable of a firm resistance. 



The minutely comminuted bone already spoken of is com- 

 monly found converted, with loam and stones, into a firm 

 breccia. Not unfrequently, however, it occupies the hollow cavi- 

 ties of some of the larger bones. With it there sometimes occurs 

 a cream-colored substance, which in a few instances has been met 

 also in the form of small detached lumps, having a low specific 

 gravity. This, as well as at least some of the comminuted bone, 

 has been supposed to be of foecal origin. 



In cleaning the bones it is frequently found to be impossible 

 to remove entirely the earthy matter from them. They are at 

 least partially invested with a thin film which defies the brush and 

 water. On drying, however, this matter commonly scales off, and 

 proves to be a paste or paint, composed of loam and carbonate of 

 lime, the latter probably derived from drip from the roof. 



A large portion of the osseous remains occurs in the form of 

 fragments and mere splinters. The identifiable parts are chiefly 

 teeth, which are extremely numerous. Among the animals re- 

 presented there are certainly the cave bear, the cave lion, the cave 

 hyaena, the fox, horse, probably more than one species, several 

 species of deer, the tichorhine rhinoceros, and the mammoth. 

 Kemains of the hyaena are probably the most abundant, after 

 which come those of rhinoceros and horse. The relics of mam- 

 moths, both molars and tusks, are those of very young individuals. 



It has already been hinted that flint implements occur every- 

 where in the cave earth mixed up with the remains of extinct 

 mammals. Several of them were found in the presence of, and some 

 of them by the superintendents. Like the bones, they are least 



