1870.] BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY. 233 



of the Crustacea, and Burmeister has shown a resemblance 

 between the respiratory apparatus of certain cirripedes and that 

 of Lin2;ula. In the reproductive system there is a close similarity 

 existing between the oviducts of Brachipoda, with their trumpet- 

 shaped openings, and similar organs in the worms. In the little 

 knowledge we have of their embryology, the strongest proofs exist 

 of their affinity with the worms. Lacaze-Duthiers figures the 

 embryo of Thecidium, and it is a little animal with four segments. 

 Fritz Muller figures an early stage of Discina, and we have 

 recalled to us a positive articulate and worm-like character. From 

 the body of this embryo prominent bristles project. Smitt figures 

 the same in the embryo of Lepralia, wherein he describes six 

 bristles that appear locomotive ; and Claparede figures the embryo 

 of Nerine, a worm, in which we find similar bristles projecting 

 from the body. In this connection it is interesting to note that 

 in the winter eggs, or statoblasts, of Polyzoa we have a relation 

 to similar characters among the lower Crustacea, the ephippia of 

 Daphnia and the winter eggs of Botifers for example. Leuckart 

 places the Polyzoa with the worms, and the close affinity of the 

 Polyzoa with the Brachipoda is now freely admitted, and we now 

 recall those peculiar worms, or early stages of them, which so 

 strongly resembles in almost every essential point of their structure 

 the hippocrepian Polyzoa. As many of the foregoing points need 

 ample illustration, and as the writer has in preparation a memoir 

 on the subject, he will now only call attention to the fticts sup- 

 porting these views, evolved from the study of living LingulaB. 

 It is but justice to state that six months previous to the observa- 

 tions made on Lingula, he had come to conclusions herein ex- 

 pressed, and had freely ?,rgued it with his colaborators. He saw 

 the necessity of examining Lingula, however, before advancing 

 these views, and for this sole purpose had visited North Carolina 

 in company with Dr. A. S. Packard, junr., who with his observa- 

 tions on the worms and Crustacea of that region yet found time to 

 follow the writer, step by step, in his studies of Lingula, and was 

 deeply impressed by the disclosures there made. His sincerest 

 gratitude is due to Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S.A., and Major Joseph 

 Stewart, U.S.A., commandant at Fort Macon, North Carolina, 

 for their constant aid and sympathy in furtherance of the object 

 of his visit there. After nearly a week's fruitless search, Lingulae 

 were found in a sand shoal, left at a low tide. They were found 

 buried in the sand. The peduncle, which was about six times 

 Vol V. p No. 2. 



