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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 



the temperate and subtropical life zones. We have found seven 

 species — chrysonotus, dunni, eferus, lutealaris, luteovenus, venezuelen- 

 sis, and volcanensis — confined in Panama to the Volcdn region in the 

 lower part of the temperate zone. We record seven species — covagar- 

 ciai, elutus, magnipalpis, metagonatus, pampoikilvs, rostratus, and 

 Scopus — as typical of the subtropical zone at Cerro Campana and El 

 Valle, although some of these and three others — nigrigenus, rangeli, 

 and transferrans — range from the VolcAn down to the humid tropics 

 at Almirante. 



Table 2. — Comparison of maximum numbers of species of Culicoides characteristic 

 of the Pacific coastal salt-marsh locations taken per night in light traps 



According to Chapman (1917), the fauna of the humid tropical 

 rain forests of Panama is essentially an extension of the Amazon 

 Basin fauna through the intervening rain forests of western Colombia 

 and Ecuador. This Colombian-Pacific fauna was cut off from tlie 



