ART. 12. CATALOGUE OF HUMAN CRANIA HEDLICKA. 27 



any geographical point; and as there has also been no known or even 

 suspected coming in at any point of other people who would have 

 admixed and modified the Eskimo, the gradual change in head form 

 may be regarded as having taken place within the tribes themselves, 

 and is probably connected with environment conditions — using the 

 term "environment" in its broadest sense. 



3. The height of the skull decreases from the Central Eskimo 

 toward the west in the males, but not in the females — which appears 

 conservative on one hand of the unity of, and on the other of the 

 changes within, the stock. 



4. There is a remarkable agreement among all the Eskimo in 

 measurements relating to the size of the skull. Where differences 

 exist they are probably due in the main to insufficient number of 

 specimens. 



5. The face, especially the portion above the teeth, is high and also 

 broad. The indices, especially the upper facial, are lowest in the 

 Smith Sound, highest in the western groups. 



6. The orbits are on the average fairly uniform. 



7. The nose, characteristically narrow throughout, is especially so 

 in the eastern, least so in the western, Eskimo. 



8. The Alaska Eskimo, while well \vithin the general type, show 

 relatively the highest face and orbits. 



9. There is a plain connection of the stock with the Bering Sea and 

 the Asiatic Eskimo; and through these with the mongoloid type of 

 northeastern and northern Asia. As we proceed eastward there is in 

 general an increase in the length and height, with corresponding 

 decrease in the breadth of the vault, and a decrease in the breadth 

 of the nasal aperture; all of which are in all probability changes of 

 adaptation to environmental conditions, and especially connected 

 with the use and development of the muscles of mastication. 



