50 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. 



VOL. 63. 



Mongolian and Buriat crania — Summary of measurements contrasted with Alaskans and 

 Athapascans, andvjith luesternmosl Eskimo. 



Male. 



Number of skulls 



Vault: 



Length 



Breadth 



Height 



Cranial Index 



Mean Height Index 



Module 



Capacity 



Face: 



M.-N. Height 



Alv. Pt.-N. Height. 



Breadth 



Facial Index: 



Total 



Upper 



Orbits: 



Mean height 



Mean breadth 



Mean Index 



Nose: 



Height 



Breadth 



Index 



St. Law- 

 rence 

 Island 



Eskimo. 



(158) 



18.40 

 14.14 

 13.70 



76.9 

 84.2 

 15.42 

 1,506 



12.70 

 7.66 

 14.08 



90.2 

 54.5 



3.69 

 4.04 

 91. S 



5.54 



2.47 



44.6 



Femal?. 



I Alaskan. St. Law- 



Mongols. Buriats. 



and 



Atha- 

 pascan.' 



(73) 



17.36 



14.31 



12.53 



82.4 



79.1 



14.73 i 



1,406 



11.42 

 7.09 

 13.16 



87.7 

 53.1 



3.48 

 3.74 

 93.1 



5.19 

 2.56 

 49.4 



rence 

 Island 

 Eskimo. 



(87) 



17.63 



13.65 



13.20 



77.4 



84.9 



14.77 



1,364 



11.37 

 7.03 

 13. 20 



8^. 4 

 53.4 



3.60 

 3.92 

 91.8 



5.12 



2.40 



46.80 



' It is self-understood that the means of this column arc only means employed for convenience of com- 



parison. 



NOTES ON THE ASIATIC CRANIA AND ON THEIR RELATION TO THE 

 ALASKANS, ATHAPASCANS, AND ESKIMO. 



1. The Mongols and Buriats are shown to be identical. 



2. Both are characterized, on the average, by moderate brachy- 

 cephaly, low vault of the skull, rather high and only moderately 

 broad face giving high facial indices, slightly megaseme orbits, and 

 mesorhinic nose. 



3. Contrasting the Eskimo with the Mongolian cranial type, the 

 former shows narrower and higher vault, about the same size of skull 

 and cranial cavity, almost the same facial and orbital dimensions 

 and indices, but a narrower nose. The derivation of the Eskimo 

 type from one like the Mongolian appears quite evident. 



The only marked difference between the Alaskan and Athapascan 

 Indians and the Mongolian type is that of the face, which in the 

 Indians is broader and gives on that account lower facial indices. 

 But this is without much doubt a functional modification due, it 

 seems, to a greater development in the Indians of the muscles of 

 mastication and is very nearly limited to the males; the females of 

 the two types are almost identical. 



