2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.63 



HARENGULA PERUANA, new species. 



Head 3f; depth 3^; D. iv, 14; A. ii, 14?; P. i, 14; V. i, 7; scales 

 37 ill median lateral series to caudal base and 4 more on latter; 10 

 scales transversely at dorsal origin; 13 predorsal scales; head width 

 2 in its length; head depth 1^; mandible 2^; doi-sal base If; anal 

 ])ase If; least depth of caudal peduncle 2§; pectoral 1^; ventral 2^? ; 

 snout 4 in head, measured from upper jaw tip: eye 3^; maxillarj^ 

 2-J; interorbital 4|; serrae 17?+15? (damaged). 



Body well compressed, deepest at dorsal origin, contour rather 

 ovoid, and upper edge little trenchant. Abdominal serrae distinct, 

 edges slightly exposed. Caudal peduncle well compressed, about 

 as long as deep. 



Head large, strongly compressed, lower profile slightly more in- 

 clined, flattened sides converging below. Snout short, width 1^ its 

 length; eye moderate, circular, hind pupil edge nearly midway in 

 head length. Adipose eyelid moderately developed. Mouth small, 

 terminally superior or lower jaw protruding and upper with slight 

 median notch, short gape scarcely evident. Maxillary to eye center, 

 about f covered by preorbital; expansion If in eye. Front of jaws 

 each with rather regular single row of few moderately small simple 

 teeth. No vomerine teeth, but broad band of fine numerous teeth 

 on each pterygoid. Tongue free, pointed, covered with similar fine 

 teeth, also in broad patch. Mandibular rami greatly elevated on 

 each side within mouth ; each slips in cavity outside of each palatine. 

 Nostrils little nearer snout tip than eye. Interorbital with low me- 

 dian ridge in front and 3 closely set supercilliaiy ridges on each 

 side. Cheek, opercle, and preopercle with rather obscure striae. 



Gill-opening forward to front eye edge. Gill-rakers about 18+36, 

 slenderly lanceolate, a little longer than filaments or about 1^ in eye. 

 Pseudobranchiae about long as filaments. Isthmus narrow slender 

 frenum. Shoulder girdle inside gill opening with notch over pec- 

 toral origin. 



Scales firmly adherent, all narrowly imbricated, largest along mid- 

 dle of sides and those on predorsal anteriorly with more frayed or 

 gashed edges than others, often with about a dozen marginal lines. 

 Circuli as very fine vertical parallel striae, and each scale also with 

 two larger well-spaced vertical prominent striae. Dorsal and anal 

 with broad basal sheaths of small scales; caudal base covered with 

 moderately large scales, though smaller than those on body. Ventral 

 with scaly flap about two-thirds length of fin. Humeral adipose 

 area scarcely developed. 



Dorsal origin nearer mandible tip than caudal base by a space 

 equal to combined snout and eye lengths. Anal origin slightly 

 nearer caudal base than ventral origin, fin low and largely concealed 

 in basal sheath. Caudal damaged. Pectoral about four-fifths (tip 



